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 starter activity

 starter activity. Your teacher will give you a card describing a surgical practice or an individual who helped develop surgery. Place the card in the correct chronological position. Now decide which were the 3 most important advances. Advances in surgery. Prehistoric (3000 – 2000 BC)

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 starter activity

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  1. starter activity Your teacher will give you a card describing a surgical practice or an individual who helped develop surgery. Place the card in the correct chronological position. Now decide which were the 3 most important advances.

  2. Advances in surgery • Prehistoric (3000 – 2000 BC) • Ancient (2000 BC – 500 AD) • Medieval (500-1400) • Renaissance (1400-1700) • Industrial Age (1700-1900) • Twentieth Century and beyond The colour code refers to the different periods of surgery we’ve studied D A J G S FM PL OH B N I KC Q E R

  3.  Your task • Try to identify factors which helped the advance of medicine: • War • Technology • Government • Trade • Chance • Individual genius

  4. How has surgery developed in recent years?  Aims To revise the earlier advances in surgery To identify the key factors which have led to improvements in twentieth century surgery

  5.  Your task • Read p. 173-4 and find out the reasons why surgery has improved in recent years. Complete a spider diagram including the following categories: • Improved anaesthetics • Antibiotics • Teamwork • Resources • Keyhole surgery • Microsurgery

  6. Improved anaesthetics • 1930s Helmuth Wesse discovered a method of injecting anaesthetics into blood stream – allowing dosage to be controlled and operations to last longer

  7. Antibiotics • Discovery & mass production of penicillin helped to increase success rate of operations • Led to developments in more complex surgical techniques e.g. transplants and replacement surgery Penicillin tablets – extremely difficult to obtain initially, but now a very common drug

  8. Teamwork • Dr Christian Barnard (below) – doctor who pioneered heart transplant surgery required teams of doctors and who were expert in different fields from anaesthetics to cardiography

  9. Resources • Complex operations very expensive – teams of surgeons, expensive drugs, aftercare etc. • Government and media question how much should be spent on healthcare and where resources should be directed Should the NHS pay for controversial operations like cosmetic surgery?

  10. Keyhole surgery • Reduces size of wound created and reduces chance of infection • Fibre-optics and computer-assisted surgery have made this approach possible

  11. Microsurgery • Ability to attach fine blood vessels and nerve endings, e.g. severed limbs This picture shows the limb of a Taiwanese vet which was successfully reattached following an incident at a zoo in Taiwan in 2007

  12.  Plenary • What were some of the greatest steps forward in surgery that we have studied? • Why has modern surgery improved so much?

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