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Topic : Chemistry Aim : How are elements classified in the Periodic Table? Do Now : An atom has atomic number of 15. How many protons does it have?. Periodic Table of Elements. System of classifying or all of the known elements and to predict the properties of elements.
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Topic: Chemistry Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table? Do Now: An atom has atomic number of 15. How many protons does it have?
Periodic Table of Elements • System of classifying or all of the known elements and to predict the properties of elements
How are elements arranged? • In order of increasing atomic number
Groups or Families • Columns • Elements have similar BUT NOT identical properties
Hydrogen • Element does not match the properties of any other group so it stands alone • Placed above group 1 not part of group 1 • Very reactive, colorless, ordorless gas at room temp
Ex: Family/Group 1: Alkali Metals • soft, white, shiny metals • highly reactive
2:ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
3-11:TRANSITION METALS Range of reactivity & wide range of properties Most of the elements on PT
Periods • Rows (7) • Elements not alike in properties • Left to right atomic # increases
4 main categories of elements • Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids, Noble Gases
1. Metals • 88 elements to left of zigzag line
Physical Properties of Metals • Luster (shininess) • Ductile (can be pulled into wires) • Malleable (can be hammered into sheets) • Good conductors (allow heat and electricity to move through easily)
2. Nonmetals • To right of zigzag line
Physical Properties of Nonmetals • No luster (dull) • Brittle (break) • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
2. Metalloids • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Noble Gases • Last group of nonmetals • He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • INERT gases • Non-reactive
Noble gases glow brightly when electricity is passed through them, and so are used as advertising signs: neon tubes glow red, xenon blue, and krypton bluish-white; argon tubes glow pale red at low pressures, blue at high pressures.
Review: • Explain how the periodic table of elements is arranged. • Elements at the left of the periodic table are known as • Elements at the right of the periodic table are known as • Explain some of the properties of metals. • Explain some of the properties of nonmetals. • Explain some properties of noble gases.
3-11:TRANSITION METALS Good conductors of heat and electricity. Some are used for jewelry. Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
1st element extremely active solid • Last element inactive gas