1 / 54

Developing macroinvertebrate biological indicators of land use in Southern Ecuador

Developing macroinvertebrate biological indicators of land use in Southern Ecuador. Carrie Anderson Team 2: Watershed Management of the Andean Paramo Ecology and Conservation Biology University of Idaho Supervising Faculty: Dr. Frank Wilhelm Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources

lavada
Download Presentation

Developing macroinvertebrate biological indicators of land use in Southern Ecuador

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Developing macroinvertebrate biological indicators of land use in Southern Ecuador Carrie Anderson Team 2: Watershed Management of the Andean Paramo Ecology and Conservation Biology University of Idaho Supervising Faculty: Dr. Frank Wilhelm Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources University of Idaho Carlos Iñiguez A.Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Técnica Particular de Loja

  2. Overview • Background • Goals and Objectives • Site Description • Methods • Data Analysis • Support and Feasibility • Timeline http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/18-panoramic-view-from-podocarpus-national-park-by-travelpod-member-thymeoff-vilcabamba-ecuador.html?sid=13359132&fid=tp-15

  3. Introduction • Decline in surface water quality • Causes of decline • Pollution • Sedimentation • Acidification • Flow regulation • Impoundment • Land use change (USEPA 2011, Pimentel et al. 1997) http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1211/major_findings.htm http://blackwarriorriver.org/siltation-sedimentation.html http://jdurward.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html

  4. Indicators of Stream Quality • Abiotic factors commonly assessed • Stream discharge • pH • Alkalinity • Electric Conductivity (EC) • Temperature • Dissolved Oxygen (DO) • Nutrient concentrations (Fleischbein et al. 2006, Bücker et al. 2010) Photo by Anderson (2010)

  5. Indicators of Stream Quality • Biotic factors commonly assessed • Riparian and aquatic habitat assessment • Biological indicator frameworks (Bücker et al. 2010, USEPA 2011, Grafe et al. 2002) https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geosc10/book/export/html/1733

  6. Biological Indicators • Predictable and consistent response • Tolerance varies • Occurrence / abundance correlated to changes in abiotic conditions (Bücker et al. 2010, Cain et al. 1992, Cairns et al. 1993) Photos by Fausto Fausto López

  7. Biological Indicators http://tispaquin.blogspot.com/2010/05/severe-nutrient-loading-at-china-lake.html • Types of Indicators • Periphyton

  8. Biological Indicators http://tispaquin.blogspot.com/2010/05/severe-nutrient-loading-at-china-lake.html • Types of Indicators • Periphyton • Macrophytes http://www.sweetwaterwekivasprings.com/component/content/article/87-July-August-2010/61-native-aquatic-plants-plant-a-rainbow-along-your-shoreline

  9. Biological Indicators http://tispaquin.blogspot.com/2010/05/severe-nutrient-loading-at-china-lake.html • Types of Indicators • Periphyton • Macrophytes • Fish  http://www.sweetwaterwekivasprings.com/component/content/article/87-July-August-2010/61-native-aquatic-plants-plant-a-rainbow-along-your-shoreline http://www.flickr.com/photos/87498048@N00/4188587349/

  10. Biological Indicators http://tispaquin.blogspot.com/2010/05/severe-nutrient-loading-at-china-lake.html • Types of Indicators • Periphyton • Macrophytes • Fish • Benthic macroinvertebrates (Adams and Greeley 2000, USEPA 2011) http://www.sweetwaterwekivasprings.com/component/content/article/87-July-August-2010/61-native-aquatic-plants-plant-a-rainbow-along-your-shoreline http://www.flickr.com/photos/87498048@N00/4188587349/ http://www.cs.umb.edu/~fstours/

  11. Biological Indices • Sensitive organisms organized into indices: Photo by FaustoLópez

  12. Biological Indices • Sensitive organisms organized into indices: • Trend Biotic Index – TBI Photo by FaustoLópez

  13. Biological Indices • Sensitive organisms organized into indices: • Trend Biotic Index – TBI • Family Biotic Index – FBI Photo by FaustoLópez

  14. Biological Indices • Sensitive organisms organized into indices: • Trend Biotic Index – TBI • Family Biotic Index – FBI • Biological Monitoring Working Party – BMWP Photo by FaustoLópez

  15. Biological Indices • Sensitive organisms organized into indices: • Trend Biotic Index – TBI • Family Biotic Index – FBI • Biological Monitoring Working Party – BMWP • EphemeropteraPlecopteraTrichoptera Index – EPT (Bücker et al. 2010, Grafe et al. 2002) Photo by FaustoLópez

  16. EPT Index • Commonly used for stream quality assessment • Widely transferable • Evaluates number of distinct EPT taxa • Particularly sensitive to pollution • Changes in occurrence correlated with concentration of pollutants (USEPA 2002, Johnson et al. 1993) http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Perlodidae http://www.entomology.umn.edu/midge/VSMIVP%20Key/English/Hydropsychidae.htm http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent525/water/aquatic/pages/03_jpg.htm

  17. Background • Indicator frameworks in developed countries • Implementation in developing countries? (Resh 1995, Bücker et al. 2010) http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/18-panoramic-view-from-podocarpus-national-park-by-travelpod-member-thymeoff-vilcabamba-ecuador.html?sid=13359132&fid=tp-15

  18. Background • Stream Quality in Ecuador • Focus on high elevation stream networks • Importance to the local people • Headwaters in the Paramo Ecosystem (Bücker et al. 2010, Buytaert et al. 2006) http://valleyoflongevity.com/

  19. Background • Stream Quality in Ecuador • Focus on high elevation stream networks • Importance to the local people • Headwaters in the Paramo Ecosystem (Bücker et al. 2010, Buytaert et al. 2006) http://valleyoflongevity.com/

  20. Background • Stream Quality in Ecuador • Focus on high elevation stream networks • Importance to the local people • Headwaters in the Paramo Ecosystem (Bücker et al. 2010, Buytaert et al. 2006) http://valleyoflongevity.com/

  21. Background • Need for stream quality monitoring methods • Bioindicator framework in Ecuador lacking (Bücker et al. 2010) Photo by Fausto López

  22. Objectives • Goal: To contribute to the assessment of stream quality for high elevation systems of southern Ecuador

  23. Objectives • Goal: To contribute to the assessment of stream quality for high elevation systems of southern Ecuador • Objectives: • Relate biotic and abiotic parameters and connect this relationship to land-use and catchment characteristics

  24. Objectives • Goal: To contribute to the assessment of stream quality for high elevation systems of southern Ecuador • Objectives: • Relate biotic and abiotic parameters and connect this relationship to land-use and catchment characteristics • Determine if a group of aquatic invertebrates exist that are indicative of land use and differences in stream habitat and water quality

  25. Objectives • Goal: To contribute to the assessment of stream quality for high elevation systems of southern Ecuador • Objectives: • Relate biotic and abiotic parameters and connect this relationship to land-use and catchment characteristics • Determine if a group of aquatic invertebrates exist that are indicative of land use and differences in stream habitat and water quality • Examine if a bioindicator approach is applicable in the Ecuadorian Andes using end member systems along a disturbance gradient

  26. Hypotheses • H0 1 : • There is no relationship between macroinvertebrates and land use in high elevation montane tropical streams in the Andes Mountains of southern Ecuador

  27. Hypotheses • H0 1 : • There is no relationship between macroinvertebrates and land use in high elevation montane tropical streams in the Andes Mountains of southern Ecuador • H0 2: • No difference in macroinvertebrate taxa occurrence, richness, evenness, and diversity between disturbed and undisturbed

  28. Hypotheses • H0 1 : • There is no relationship between macroinvertebrates and land use in high elevation montane tropical streams in the Andes Mountains of southern Ecuador • H0 2: • No difference in macroinvertebrate taxa occurrence, richness, evenness, and diversity between disturbed and undisturbed •  H0 3: • No difference in abundance of EPT taxa between disturbed and undisturbed sites

  29. Site Description http://www.compassion.com/sponsordonor/projectslideshows/ecuadorprojecturban.htm http://checkpointzero.com/blog/2010/02/11/where-the-hecuador-is-ecuador-anyway/

  30. Potential Study Sites

  31. Pilot Study • i) Optimize sampling time per sample • ii) Determine number of samples  given between-sample variance Photo by FaustoLópez

  32. Pilot Study • i) Optimize sampling time • Triplicate samples for 15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, 2 min • Total abundance determined in the field (Krebbs 1999, Gordon et al. 1992) http://www.idoldesigners.com/

  33. 16 14 12 10 Cumulative variance 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 Number of samples Pilot Study • ii) Number of Samples per reach • Cumulative variance plotted versus number of samples (Krebb 1999, London and Gertz 1994)

  34. Field Methods • Optimal design • At least 2 catchments • Impact • Control • 4 reaches sampled Control Impact

  35. Field Methods • Reach Characteristics • Width • Depth • Velocity • Discharge (Hauer and Lamberti 1996) Photo by Carlos Iñiguez A.

  36. Field Methods • Abiotic Characteristics • Temperature • pH • Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (Hauer and Lamberti 1996) • Sampled using a YSI 556 Multiprobe http://www.instrumart.com/products/31754/ysi-556-multiparameter-system

  37. Sampling Methods • Hess sampler or D-Net • Quantitative known area • Sample time determined in Pilot Study (Hauer and Lamberti 1996) Photo by Carlos Iñiguez A. http://www.benmeadows.com/D-Frame-Aquatic-Dip-Net_s_224916/Nets_31224961/?isredirect=true http://new.freshwaterlife.org/how-to-sample

  38. Sampling Methods • Number of samples per stream reach • Randomized Sampling Method • Preserve samples in field using 70% ethanol • Return to laboratory setting for sample analysis (Hauer and Lamberti 1996, Grafe et al. 2002)

  39. Laboratory Methods • Randomized subsample from each field sample • Classify to lowest taxonomic level • Transport unprocessed samples back to US for further analysis • Permits acquired in Ecuador (Hauer and Lamberti 1996, Grafe et al. 2002, Gordon 1992) Photo by Carlos Iñiguez A. http://www.montegraphia.com/?m=200907&paged=3

  40. Data Analysis Biological Indices • Abundance

  41. Data Analysis Biological Indices • Abundance • Richness

  42. Data Analysis Biological Indices • Abundance • Richness • % EPT %EPT = (E + P + T) x 100 total abundance

  43. Data Analysis Biological Indices • Abundance • Richness • % EPT • Diversity • Shannon – Wiener Index %EPT = (E + P + T) x 100 total abundance Shannon – Wiener Index H’ = - Σpi log pi

  44. Data Analysis Biological Indices • Abundance • Richness • % EPT • Diversity • Shannon – Wiener Index • Evenness • Simpson Index (Krebs 1999, Hauer and Lamberti 1996, Brooks et al. 2003) %EPT = (E + P + T) x 100 total abundance Shannon – Wiener Index H’ = - Σpi log pi Simpson Index C = Σipi2

  45. Data Analysis Statistical Analysis • Basic descriptive statistics • Mean • Standard Deviation • Variance (Gordon 1992, London and Gertz 1984) Photo by FaustoLópez Photo by FaustoLópez http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/18-panoramic-view-from-podocarpus-national-park-by-travelpod-member-thymeoff-vilcabamba-ecuador.html?sid=13359132&fid=tp-15

  46. Data Analysis Statistical Analysis • Basic descriptive statistics • Mean • Standard Deviation • Variance (Gordon 1992, London and Gertz 1984) Photo by FaustoLópez • Inferential Statistics • ANOVA • Regression • Correlation • (Gordon 1992, London and Gertz 1984, O’Brien 1979) Photo by FaustoLópez http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/18-panoramic-view-from-podocarpus-national-park-by-travelpod-member-thymeoff-vilcabamba-ecuador.html?sid=13359132&fid=tp-15

  47. Data Analysis Statistical Analysis • Basic descriptive statistics • Mean • Standard Deviation • Variance (Gordon 1992, London and Gertz 1984) Photo by FaustoLópez • Inferential Statistics • ANOVA • Regression • Correlation • (Gordon 1992, London and Gertz 1984, O’Brien 1979) Photo by FaustoLópez • Multivariate Statistics • Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) • (Bücker et al. 2010, Braak and Verdonschot, 1995) http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/18-panoramic-view-from-podocarpus-national-park-by-travelpod-member-thymeoff-vilcabamba-ecuador.html?sid=13359132&fid=tp-15

  48. Support and Feasibility • Grant Provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) • Dr. Frank Wilhelm • University of Idaho • Carlos Iniguez A. • Doctoral Candidate at UTPL • Adrian Leiva • Carlos’ associate/ invertebrate taxonomist

  49. Project 1: Cultural perspectives on high Andean watersheds Amy Forsgren Project 3: Evaluating the jurisdictional map of authority over watershed decisions Danie Merriman Ecuador Summer Research Program University of Idaho Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja Team 2: Watershed management of the Andean páramo Project 4: Evaluating the physical impact of land use Emily Shimada Project 5:Evaluating the biotic impacts of land use Carrie Anderson

  50. Timeline

More Related