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Future Chinese High Energy Astrophysics Programs 中国未来的高能天文计划

Future Chinese High Energy Astrophysics Programs 中国未来的高能天文计划. Fangjun Lu 卢方军 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences. Outline. Overview of space science plan in China The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Space Multi-wavelength Variable Object Monitor (SVOM)

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Future Chinese High Energy Astrophysics Programs 中国未来的高能天文计划

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  1. Future Chinese High Energy Astrophysics Programs 中国未来的高能天文计划 Fangjun Lu 卢方军Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

  2. Outline • Overview of space science plan in China • The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) • Space Multi-wavelength Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) • Opportunities onboard China’s space lab Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  3. Overview of space science plan in China • Strategies • Principals • Short term goals • Road map for China’s space astronomy and solar physics Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  4. Space Science Development Strategies in China • Following the principles of space science development, in the fields with strong and sustained supports, missions are selected according to their scientific importance, stimulation to strategic technologies, urgency and technical maturity and feasibility; normally smaller and simpler missions are selected first to minimize risks, but opportunities should also be grasped for missions with great breakthrough potentials. • Within about 20 years, gradually develop satellite series with different scales, complete China’s transition from a major space technology country into a major space science country in the world. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  5. Principles for developing space science in China • Principle for high priority support: innovative Chinese projects with important scientific objectives • Fields with strong support: Sun-Earth environment detection, solar system exploration and space astronomy • Fields with sustained support: space environment utilization, including microgravity, life science and earth-observation from space • Measures to encourage: public education and outreach, international cooperation in space science Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  6. Short-term goals between 2006-2010 (1) • Launch the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope satellite in 2010, the first Chinese space astronomy mission, in order to reach the international level in hard X-ray observation and research • Discover about 1000 supermassive black holes • Detailed studies on pulsars and other compact objects, the dynamical behaviors and high energy radiation processes in the strong gravitational fields around black holes • Obtain breakthrough results and play a leading role on black hole research and other related fields. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  7. Short-term goals between 2006-2010 (2) • Through France-China collaboration, contribute high energy detection instruments to the SMESE (SMall Explorer for Solar Eruptions) mission, to be launched in around 2010 for the next solar maximum, in order to support the space weather and basic solar physics research in China. These two space astronomy missions, HXMT and SMESE, will enhance the overall research in high energy astrophysics in China, as a solid foundation for China’s entry into the era of multi-wavelength astronomy, which is symbolized and represented mostly by space astronomy. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  8. Short-term goals between 2006-2010 (3) • Continue the support to the development of the key technologies required for the Space Solar Telescope (SST) mission, demonstrate the required 0.1 acrsec angular resolution on the ground, and eventually launch the satellite when it is ready. • In space physics, based upon the future important scientific results from the “Double-Star” mission, carry-out preliminary research around the “Kua-Fu” mission concept to develop scientific objectives and key techniques, to be selected before 2010, to complete China’s satellite plan for space physics and space environment exploration, in order to layout a solid foundation in China for rapid development in this field. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  9. Short-term goals between 2006-2010 (4) • In microgravity and life science fields, based on clear tasks and objectives, select space experiments with important scientific meanings and application values through careful evaluations, launch 1-2 satellites with returned payloads, so that the research in the field will develop from the previous piggy-back mode into a steady mission dominated new stage. • Finally, participations at different levels in international space missions with important and frontier scientific objectives and advanced technologies are encouraged, in order to make China’s space science enter into a broad and rapid development phase after the next five-year initial period. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  10. Road Map for China’s Space Astronomy and Solar Physics Astrophys Res.：data analysis, theory & computation based on space astronomy data Capacity building and enabling technology: platform, detector, electronics, telescope Education and public outreach: future space scientist, public understanding of science The Sun as the closest laboratory of astronomy & astrophysics Micro-satellite on explosive high energy solar activities Large-satellite as a multi-band advanced solar observatory Midrange-satellite on solar magnetic element A journey to the Sun and black holes Generation and reconnection of magnetic field, shock, particle acceleration Jet, stellar evolution, compact object, galaxy formation, cosmic structure… Black holes as probes of stellar and cosmic evolutions Spacelab or small-satellite on explosive high energy phenomena Large-satellite as observatory on black hole environments Midrange-satellite as finder of Hidden supermassive black holes 2010 2020 2015 2005

  11. The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Tsinghua University Chinese Academy of Space Technology Research United Kingdom and Italy

  12. Characteristics of the HXMT Mission • Main Detector NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) Phoswich • Total Detect Area ~5000 cm2 • Energy Range 20～250 keV • Energy Resolution ~19% (@60keV) • Continuum Sensitivity ~3.0×10-7 ph cm-2 s-1 keV-1 ,or 0.5 mCrab (3σ@100keV,105s) • Field of View 5.7°x 5.7°（FWHM） • Source Location ≤1 arcmin(20) • Angular Resolution ≤5 arcmin(20) • Secondary Instruments IEXD(7-30 keV, SiPIN, 1000 cm2), SXD ((1-15 keV, SCD, 400 cm2) • Mass ~2500 kg (payload ~1100 kg) • Dimension 2.0×2.0×2.8 m3 (L×W×H) • Nominal Mission lifetime 2－3 years • Orbit Altitude 550km，Inclination 43° • Attitude Three-axis stabilized Control precision：±0.25° Stability: 0.005 °/s Measurement accuracy: <0.01° Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  13. Current Status of the HXMT Mission • Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) • Proposed in 1993 • 973 Major State Basic Research Project in China since April 2000 (Pre-Phase A study) • Total about $5M • Have solved all key technical problems • Main participating institutions: • Chinese Academy of Sciences • Tsinghua University • Chinese Academy of Space Technology Research • PI and Co-PI: Ti-Pei Li and Shuang-Nan Zhang • Selected last year as the first Chinese space astronomy mission for launch around 2010 • Full mission cost about $80M Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  14. HXMT in space Payload Cabin Service Cabin

  15. Soft X-ray Detector (SCD, 400 cm2) The detectors onboard HXMT Hard X-ray Detector (18 modules, 5000 cm2) Intermediate Energy Detectors (SiPIN, 1000 cm2)

  16. The Configuration of the main detector assembly Active Shield Collimator Phoswich detector Structures PMT Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  17. Shielding Ring Collimator Detector Each module has a field of view (FOV) of 5.7º×1.1º and the long axes of two neighboring FOVs differ by 10º. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  18. The Main Detector system of the HXMT Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  19. The imaging performance of the HXMT 20 sigma source Source Location <0.5 arcmin Angular resolution<5 arcmin Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  20. Sensitivity Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  21. Integral/IBIS HXMT Swift/BAT Before 2010, there is no other space astronomy mission approved internationally to have the capabilities of HXMT in the hard X-ray band. Angular Resolution 12’ < 5’ 14’ Source Location (20σ) 1’ < 1’ 1’ Pointed Sensitivity (mCrab@100 keV)3.8 0.5 9 Half Year Survey Sensitivity (mCrab) 2 0.5 1 Observation Capability All sky survey ok good yes Selected sky deep survey good good bad Narrow field pointing observation bad good no Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  22. Observation modes • Survey mode of HXMT • All sky scan mode • 3-axis stabilized anti-earth oriented: • roll angle=0º , region span=-43º-43º, 66 days • roll angle=30º , region span=-13º-73º, 66 days • roll angle=-30º , region span=-73º-13º, 66 days • Deep scanning observation of selected sky regions • Pointed observations Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  23. HXMT Sky Survey Observations The three-phase sky survey of HXMT. In phase (a) the roll angle is β=0°, and the scanned declination range is δ=-43°－43°, in phase (b) β=30° and δ=-13°－73°, and in phase (c) β=-30°, δ=-73°－13°. (d) illustrates the total exposure after the three-phase scan survey. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  24. The real survey program may will be changed according to how deep the final SWIFT/BAT and INTEGRAL/IBIS survey will be. If they reach a sensitivity of 0.5 mCrab for most of the sky, we may will carry out an one-year survey for half sky to improve the sensitivity. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  25. The ground testing system Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  26. Secondary instruments • Main goal: to extend the energy coverage from 20 keV down to ~1 keV • Possible instrument options: • Soft X-ray dector: • ~400 cm2, based on SCD: 1-15 keV (China+UK: IHEP, Brunel Univ., RAL) • Intermediate energy detector: • ~1000 cm2, based on Silicon PIN: 4-30 keV (UK: Univ. Southampton, RAL, UCL…) Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  27. HXMT sciences • X-ray sky surveys： • In 1962, Giacconi’s group discovered the 1st X-ray source. • Since then each X-ray telescope has attempted for X-ray sky survey. • The most significant survey was conducted by Germany’s soft X-ray telescope ROSAT between 0.1-2.4 keV. • However full X-ray sky survey at higher energies are still urgently needed. • HXMT will improve the sensitivity and location accuracy significantly over all previous sky surveys above 20 keV. • Timing of Black-Hole Binaries: • Stable high frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (2-20 keV) from BH binaries: BH’s parameters and GR test. But the 2-20 keV emission • Key Problem： No data for hard X-ray (> 20 keV) variability. • HXMT will provide the unique opportunity to detect the hard X-ray variability with high S/N. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  28. On going hard X-ray survey projects • The US satellite SWIFT can do hard X-ray all-sky survey. Its survey sensitivity is dominated by systematic errors. For regions in the Galactic Plane (l<45°, 2/3 of the whole sky ) where there are several strong sources always in the BAT FOV, the limiting sensitivity will be ~2 mCrab. For l>45°(1/3 sky), the limiting sensitivity will be ~0.6 mCrab. The final SWIFT hard X-ray catalogue may will contain 200 extragalactic hard X-ray sources (Barthelmy et al. astroph/0507410) . • Two years of INTEGRAL/IBIS observation has reached ~1 mCrab for regions with the deepest exposures and 209 sources (in which ~50 are active galactic nuclei) have been catalogued. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  29. Monte-Carlo simulations of the sensitivity of HXMT in a half-year all-sky survey HXMT is capable of conducting a deep full sky survey in half a year with a sensitivity of 0.5 mCrab, and about 1,000 hard X-ray sources will be detected. Background fluctuations, all within 3.15 σ Significance distribution of a 0.5 mCrab source, 60% are higher than 3.15σ Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  30. Beyond Einstein Program HXMT

  31. Main advantages and key science of HXMT • Hard X-ray sky survey with highest sensitivity • High precision hard X-ray full sky map: diffuse background and cosmic variance • Discover highly obscured supermassive BHs: galaxy formation and evolution • Discover new types of high energy objects: usual surprises of new surveys • High precision pointed observations of high energy objects • Space-time in strong gravitational field: dynamics and radiation near BH horizons of stellar mass and supermassive BHs • Equation of state in strong magnetic field: neutron star and its surface properties • High energy particle acceleration: AGN, SNR, shock and relativistic jets • Large scale structure: through hard X-ray detection of galaxy clusters Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  32. Space Multi-band Variable Object Monitor( SVOM) Institute of High Energy Physics National Astronomical Observatories Tsinghua University PI: Shuangnan Zhang Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  33. Jacques Paul October 24, 2005 – Sino-French Mission – Scientific Objectives – NAOC Beijing Slide 33 Scientific Objectives Monitoring of bright X-ray sources Multi-wavelength prompt emission of Gamma-ray bursts Afterglow emission infrared, visible, X Prompt Emission gamma, X, visible PI: Shuang-Nan Zhang Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  34. Payloads IR and optical photometry telescope Hard X-ray/γ-ray monitor Wide field X Imager Total payload mass: ~100 kg Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  35. Current Status • Listed in China’s mid-long term space science plan • Tentative launch date: 2011 • Will be merged with French proposal ECLAIRS into a joint mission. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  36. Opportunities onboard China’s Space-Lab • Full space-lab mission not yet approved by central government ~100 kg may will be probably allocated to astronomy • First step of the space-lab mission approved for launch in ~2010 • 30 kg allocated tentatively to astronomy in the first step • Options: Polarization measurement of GRBs Survey the hot gas in the galaxy. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  37. Tentative ideas of the observatory class satellite • Listed in the national mid- and long-term scientific plan • To be launched around 2020 • Main scientific objective: High time (and probably spectral) resolution observations of bright variable sources like X-ray binaries and nearby AGNs, to study the environments of accretion neutron stars and black holes. • Instrument concept: An XTE type X-ray/hard X-ray telescope with a collection area of a few square meters. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  38. Summary of Chinese Future Missions • HXMT around 2010 • SVOM or a similar small satellite around 2011 • Small opportunities (~30 kg) onboard China’s Space-Lab, and the first will be around 2010. • An observatory class satellite around 2020. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  39. China wants to make contributions to the international high energy astrophysics community.Suggestions are welcome. Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

  40. Thanks! Future Chinese High Energy Programs, Fangjun Lu, IHEP-CAS

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