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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Chapter 13. Functions. Ventilation -breathing External Respiration –gas exchange within lungs Gas Transport by working with Cardiovascular System Internal Respiration –gas exchange within tissues. Upper Respiratory Passages. Purify air Warm air Humidify air

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System Chapter 13

  2. Functions • Ventilation -breathing • External Respiration –gas exchange within lungs • Gas Transport by working with Cardiovascular System • Internal Respiration –gas exchange within tissues

  3. Upper Respiratory Passages • Purify air • Warm air • Humidify air • Paranasal sinuses lighten cranium, produce mucous

  4. Pleura • Parietal pleura • Pleural cavity • Visceral pleura • Pleura stick together to prevent atelectasis • pleurisy

  5. Pressure Within Lungs

  6. Respiratory Volumes • Tidal Volume (TV) • Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV) • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) • Residual Volume • Vital Capacity (VC) • TV+IRV+ERV • Dead Space Volume

  7. Respiratory Sounds • Bronchial Sounds • Breathing Sounds • Crackle • Wheezing • Rales

  8. Gas Transport • Higher concentration of O2 in lungs • Higher concentration of CO2 in Tissues • Levels of CO2 change little compared to O2 due to solubility

  9. Gas Transport • Oxygen transported via hemoglobin • Carbon dioxide transported 3 main ways • 70% bound to Bicarbonate ion • 20-30% bound to Hemoglobin • 7-10% in blood plasma • Blood Buffering system keeps pH of blood stable • Hypoxia, cyanotic, CO poisoning http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/hemoglobin-myoglobin.php

  10. Control of Respiration • Phrenic nerve • Regulatory centers in Pons and Medulla • Voluntary Control • Emotional Control • Chemical Controls • Amount of CO2, H+, metabolic wastes in blood • Amount of H+ in blood supply to brain

  11. Respiratory Disorders • Hyperventilation • Apnea • COPD • Dyspnea • Chronic Bronchitis • Emphysema • Asthma • SIDS

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