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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Brings O2 in and lets CO2 out of the body. What does the RS do?. Respiration The process of bringing O2 in the body from outside and getting rid of CO2 – waste product made by cells Lungs Main organ of the gas exchange in the RS. Path air takes to enter body.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System • Brings O2 in and lets CO2 out of the body

  2. What does the RS do? • Respiration • The process of bringing O2 in the body from outside and getting rid of CO2 – waste product made by cells • Lungs • Main organ of the gas exchange in the RS

  3. Path air takes to enter body • Mouth and nasal cavities • Mucus Warms and moistens air so does not dry out lungs • Pharynx or throat • Larynx • Base of pharynx, voice box • Epiglottis seals the larynx to prevent food or liquid from entering the trachea • Trachea –windpipe • Attached to larynx • Connects to lungs • Strong cartilage rings so doesn’t collapse

  4. Bronchus • Trachea branches into 2 tubes – bronchus • Each sends air to a lung • Bronchiole • Branch off bronchi • Alveolus • Air sacs at the end of each bronchiole • Site for O2 & CO2 exchange

  5. Cilia & Epiglottis • Cilia – lines most of the respiratory tract • Capture mucus that contains dust etc. and sweep it toward your throat to be swallowed • Epiglottis – flap of tissue that covers larynx and trachea while swallowing so food does not enter the airway

  6. How does O2 get into my blood? • Moves from high concentration, alveoli, to lower concentration, capillaries, into blood • CO2 moved from high concentration , capillaries, to low concentration, alveoli, to be removed • Thin walls so can go through via red blood cells • RBS pick up O2 and release CO2

  7. What makes air flow in & out of my lungs? • Movement of the rib muscles and the diaphragm pull air in and push air out of the lungs • Diaphragm – sheet of muscles that separate the chest cavity, which holds the lungs and heart, from the abdominal cavity, which holds the digestive system

  8. Breath in – • diaphragm contracts and pulls downward • Rib muscles contract and pull rib cage outward • This causes air to rush in and fill the lungs • Breath out – • Diaphragm and rib muscles relax • Diaphragm goes up rib cage comes in • Causes air to be pushed out of lungs

  9. Mucus in the RS? • Mucus lines many organs and glands • Bronchi, trachea, and nasal passages • Two purposes • Moisten air so organs don’t try out • Traps particles in air that might otherwise clog air passages or cause infection in lungs

  10. What causes hiccups? • Hiccups – tiny spasms of the diaphragm • Irritation of the diaphragm is one possibility • Don’t know a sure cause

  11. Asthma • Disorder is which respiratory passages become inflamed • Passage ways narrow so air cannot get through • Person wheezes, coughs • Causes: • Exercise, allergies, reactions, stress

  12. Bronchitis • Infection that causes mucus membranes lining the bronchi to become inflamed • Inflamed membrane secrete a large amount of this mucus that must be removed by coughing

  13. Pneumonia • Inflammation of the lungs caused by infection • Alveoli swell and become clogged with mucous • This decreases the amount of gas exchange

  14. Tuberculosis • Contagious bacterial infection that affects the lungs • Doesn’t show symptoms for years • Immune system isolates infection • Once immune system weakens, the symptoms are present

  15. emphysema • Progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli • Tissue damage is permanent • Almost always caused by smoking

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