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Topic 12 第十二讲 : The Open Archives Initiative

Topic 12 第十二讲 : The Open Archives Initiative. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University http://staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breeding. Redefining Libraries: Web 2.0 and other Challenges May 2007 Xiamen, China. From 从 www.openarchives.org.

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Topic 12 第十二讲 : The Open Archives Initiative

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  1. Topic 12 第十二讲:The Open Archives Initiative Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University http://staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breeding Redefining Libraries: Web 2.0 and other Challenges May 2007 Xiamen, China

  2. From 从www.openarchives.org • Standards for Repository Interoperability 电子资料贮藏库软硬件通讯的标准 • The Open Archives Initiative develops and promotes interoperability standards that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination of content. Open Archives Initiative (OAI) 发展及推广软硬件通讯标准的目的，是提高信息内容散播效率。OAI has its roots in the open access and institutional repository movements.Continued support of this work remains a cornerstone of the Open Archives program. OAI是植根于电子资料公开存取(Open Access)及公共团体电子资料贮藏库运动，长久以来为O A的发展建立了基础。

  3. From从www.openarchives.org Over time, however, the work of OAI has expanded to promote broad access to digital resources for eScholarship, eLearning, and eScience. 随着时间的推移，OAI 的范畴亦有所发展，由推广电子资料存取拓展至网上学问、网上学习及网上科学等的电子资源

  4. Model for federated search联合搜寻模式: • Harvest metadata from multiple repositories 在多个的电子资料贮藏库获取资料数据 • Index metadata on a central service 服务中心把资料数据编成索引目录 • Offer a search interface on the central service服务中心提供搜寻接口 • Deliver access to digital objects on the original repositories在原来的资料贮藏库提供电子资料传送

  5. Organization / Structure组织 / 结构 • Data Providers资料数据供应者 • Contribute metadata and content 提供资料数据及内容 • Run a module that responds to requests for metadata启动组件以响应资料数据的要求 • Service Providers服务供应者 • Harvest metadata from one or more repositories 在一个或多个电子资料贮藏库取得资料数据 • Operate services that request metadata from data providers提供服务，向资料数据供应者提出资料数据的要求

  6. Not MetaSearch不是 MetaSearch • Avoids pitfalls of “distributed-query” approach to federated search进行联合搜寻时, 避免「分布式查询」模式的缺陷 • Centralized, consolidated indexes allow for fast searching, sorting, ranking统一及强化索引, 容许迅速的搜寻、分类及排序 • Not dependent on persistent connections with multiple repositories不依靠与多个电子资料贮藏库的持续联系

  7. Open Archives Initiative • Initiated in the pre-print servers for scholarly articles and research papers 在准备打印出版服务器中存放学术文章及研究论文 • Need to provide federated search model rather than having each researcher search each repository separately提供联合搜寻模式，研究员不用逐一查找个别电子资料贮藏库 • Value-added services增值服务 • Santa Fe convention – Oct 1999 Santa Fe 会议 – 1999年10月

  8. Open Archives Initiative • Need to develop a protocol to create interoperability among many different types of repositories, each with different types of documents and metadata 需要订立一个规则，在不同类型的电子资料贮藏库(各有不同种类的文件和电子资料数据)之间创设软硬件通讯

  9. OAI-PMH • Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting OAI获取电子资料数据的规则 • XML protocol for harvesting metadata XML获取电子资料数据的规则 • Uses unqualified Dublin Core as default 使用不规范的 Dublin Core 作为内含值

  10. OAI-PMH • Each community can specify its own metadata formats and profiles 每一个共同体可具体指定其电子资料数据的版式和概况 • A simple protocol designed to have a low threshold of difficulty for implementation 设计一个简单规则，减少实行时的困难

  11. OAI-PMH Requests / Response要求 / 响应 • Identify确认、识别 • ListIdentifiers列出识别符号 • ListMetadataFormats列出资料数据版式 • ListRecords列出记录 • ListSets列出设置 • GetRecord-*取得记录

  12. A standard protocol标准规则 • Initial 1.1 version in July 2001初版: 2001年7月1.1版 • Version 2.0 completed in June 2002 2.0版在2002年6月完成

  13. Operational considerations操作的考虑 • Initial contact of an OAI harvester to a repository may involve a massive transfer of records从OAI收获者至电子数据贮存库，可能涉及海量的记录传输 • Resumption token provides a mechanism for the repository to interrupt the transfer重新启动的代符为电子数据贮存库提供传输受阻的基制

  14. Operational considerations操作的考虑 • Harvestor may come back at a later time to resume the transfer OAI收获者可稍晚重新进行传输 • Subsequent requests involve only added and changed records对后来的要求只需增加及更改记录

  15. OAI in actionOAI的实质行动 • Widely implemented广泛地应用 • Part of the standard infrastructure for pre-print servers, institutional repositories, etc.是标准基础建设的一部份, 如准备印刷服务器、公共团体电子数据贮藏库等 • D-Space • Fedora • Pragmatic approach for any application needing to transfer records between systems是务实的方式去在系统之间需要传输数据, • Some service providers use additional protocols有些服务提供者使用附加的规则

  16. Examples例子 • Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations联网的电子学术论文图书馆 • The American South • AmericanSouth.org

  17. Implementations实践 • Tools available in many different programming languages and environments可用的工具存在在不少不同的程序语言及环境中 • Built-in to many digital library applications巳存在在许多电子图书馆应用程序当中

  18. For detailed information详细的资料: • http://www.openarchives.org/ • Understanding the Protocol for Metadata Harvesting of the Open Archives Initiative (Marshall Breeding, Computers in Libraries, Sept 2002) • http://www.librarytechnology.org/ltg-displaytext.pl?RC=9944

  19. Group Exercise小组研习 Given the specialized collections in libraries in your area, explore any possibilities that there might be for developing new resources that will have a greater impact. How can digitization and technologies such as OAI be used as components of this resource? 以你范畴内的图书馆特藏作假设，探讨一下任何可发展影响更大的新资源的机会。如何将OAI等的数码化和技术用作这新资源的元素？

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