merican

1. M A odern merican L anguage P sychological A ssociation A ssociation A Comparative Guide Part I: in-text citations

2. Why We Use Them MLA APA The word “language” is indicative as to why we use MLA in the humanities, especially language studies like English, as well as theological and cultural studies. APA is the citation style used most often in natural and social sciences, including biology, psychology and sociology. Both citation styles, in addition to the many other styles that exist, are designed for their specific respective audiences. Scholars, professors, and students of humanities studies… Scholars, professors, and students of science studies… …need primarily to reference information and quotations quickly and easily so as to identify their context. …need primarily to relate the time an idea was researched to its relative importance to current day matters.

3. In-text Citations: basics MLA APA Quotation: “The bald eagle is likewise a large, strong, and very active bird, but an execrable tyrant” (Bartram 35). Paraphrase: William Bartram saw many different kinds of hawks and falcons when he traveled the south-east (Bartram 35). Also consider: According to Bartram: ““The bald eagle is likewise a large, strong, and very active bird, but an execrable tyrant” (Bartram 35). Quotation: “The bald eagle is likewise a large, strong, and very active bird, but an execrable tyrant” (Bartram, 1928, p. 35). Paraphrase: William Bartram saw many different kinds of hawks and falcons when he traveled the south-east (Bartram, 1928, p. 35). Also consider: According to Bartram (1928): “The bald eagle is likewise a large, strong, and very active bird, but an execrable tyrant” (p. 35).

4. In-text Citations: basics MLA When the quote is longer than three lines of normal text. APA When the quote is 40 words or longer.

5. Examples for various types of in-text citations Follow the link for the type of source you need to cite: Print sources, no author More than one source with same last name for author Work with multiple authors Multiple works, same author Citing the Bible Quotations from indirect sources Electronic Internet sources Film or other non-print sources Multiple works for same information

6. Print sources, no author Back to Example Selection MLA APA Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum (Boyfriend Book 76). Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum (Boyfriend Book, p. 76). *For MLA or APA, in case of a long title, use a shortened version of the title.*

7. Authors with same last name MLA APA Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodoconsequat(R. Robinson 17). Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum (A. Robinson 289). Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat (R. Robinson, 1989, p. 17). Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum (A. Robinson, 2002, p. 76). Back to Example Selection

8. Work with multiple authors MLA APA Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum(Royes, Graf, and Taylor 17). Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum(Royes, Graf, & Taylor, p. 17). Back to Example Selection

9. Same author, multiple works Back to Example Selection MLA APA Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodoconsequat(“The Chair” 17). Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum (“The Rhinestone” 289). Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat (Robinson, 1989a, p. 17). Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum (A. Robinson, 1989b, p. 76). *This is only relevant in APA when the author’s works are also written in the same year.*

10. Citing the Bible MLA APA "For God so lovedthe world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (English Standard Version, John 3.16). "For God so lovedthe world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16, English Standard Version). Back to Example Selection

11. Quotations from indirect source MLA APA Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum(qtd. in Robinson 259). Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum(as cited in Robinson, 2005, p. 259). Back to Example Selection

12. Electronic/Internet Sources MLA APA In citing the Student Success page on the LMC website, from http://www.lmc.edu/academics/student_success/, it will not look much different than citing a source with no author. The mission of the Division of Student Success is to coordinate and assure successful completion of a wide variety of functions designed to enhance the academic and social support of students (“Office of Student Success,” 2011). The mission of the Division of Student Success is to coordinate and assure successful completion of a wide variety of functions designed to enhance the academic and social support of students (“Office of Student Success”). *Note that there is no need to cite page or paragraph numbers.* Back to Example Selection

13. Film or other non-print sources MLA APA In the film Miracle on 34th Street (Seaton, 1947), faith and belief are themes, as represented by the girl’s mantra, “I believe... I believe... It's silly, but I believe.” In the film Miracle on 34th Street, faith and belief are themes, as represented by the girl’s mantra, “I believe... I believe... It's silly, but I believe” (Seaton). Back to Example Selection

14. Multiple citations for same information MLA APA Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum(Adams 64; Wells 175). Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum(Adams, 1973, p. 64; Wells, 2000, p. 175). Back to Example Selection