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Earth’s biomes

Earth’s biomes. Environmental factors. Abiotic factors non-living chemical & physical factors temperature light water nutrients Biotic factors living components animals plants. Marine. coral reef. benthos. intertidal. Tropical rainforest. distribution : equatorial

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Earth’s biomes

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  1. Earth’s biomes

  2. Environmental factors • Abiotic factors • non-living chemical & physical factors • temperature • light • water • nutrients • Biotic factors • living components • animals • plants

  3. Marine coral reef benthos intertidal

  4. Tropical rainforest distribution: equatorial precipitation: very wet temperature: always warm characteristics: many plants & animals, thin soil

  5. Savanna distribution: equatorial precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season temperature: always warm characteristics: fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; herbivores; fertile soil

  6. Desert distribution: 30°N & S latitude band precipitation: almost temperature: variable daily & seasonally, hot & cold characteristics: sparse vegetation & animals, cacti, succulents, drought tolerant, reptiles, insects, rodents, birds

  7. Temperate Grassland distribution: mid-latitudes, mid-continents precipitation: seasonal, dry season/wet season temperature: cold winters/hot summers characteristics: prairie grasses, fire-adapted, drought tolerant plants; many herbivores; deep, fertile soil

  8. Temperate Deciduous Forest distribution: mid-latitude, northern hemisphere precipitation: adequate, summer rains, winter snow temperature: moderate warm summer/cool winter characteristics: many mammals, insects, birds, etc.; deciduous trees; fertile soils

  9. Coniferous Forest (Taiga) distribution: high-latitude, northern hemisphere precipitation: adequate to dry (temperate rain forest on coast) temperature: cool year round characteristics: conifers; diverse mammals, birds, insects, etc.

  10. Arctic Tundra distribution: arctic, high-latitude, northern hemisphere precipitation: dry temperature: cold year round characteristics: permafrost, lichens & mosses, migrating animals & resident herbivores

  11. Alpine Tundra distribution: high elevation at all latitudes precipitation: dry temperature: cold year round characteristics: permafrost, lichens, mosses, grasses; migrating animals & resident herbivores

  12. What have we done!

  13. Impact of ecology as a science • Ecology provides a scientific context for evaluating environmental issues • Rachel Carson, in 1962,in her book, Silent Spring,warned that use ofpesticides such as DDTwas causing populationdeclines in manynon-target organisms

  14. Barry Commoner’s Laws of Ecology • Everything is connected to everything else • Everything must go somewhere • there is no such place as “away” • Nature knows best • There is no such thing as a free lunch Laws of Unintended Consequences

  15. nitrogen oxides • sulfur dioxide Acid Precipitation • power plants • industry • transportation

  16. Acid rain

  17. BioMagnification

  18. BioMagnification • PCBs • General Electric manufacturing plant on Hudson River • PCBs in sediment • striped bass nesting areas

  19. Carbon DioxideGlobal Warming

  20. CO2 NOx methane

  21. Ozone Depletion protects from UV rays

  22. Ozone Depletion

  23. Ozone Depletion • Loss of ozone above Antarctica

  24. Bad ozone vs. good ozone

  25. Deforestation • Loss of habitat • Loss of biodiversity

  26. Loss of Diversity • 3 levels of biodiversity • ecosystem diversity • different habitats across landscape • community diversity • mix of species • genetic diversity • inbreeding with shrinking populations • All decreased by human activity

  27. Driven to extinction

  28. gypsy moth Introduced species • Introduced species • transplanted populations grow exponentially in new area • non-native species out-compete native species • lack of competitors & predators • reduce diversity • examples • African honeybee • gypsy moth • zebra mussel • purple loosestrife kudzu

  29. ~2 months Zebra mussel

  30. Purple loosestrife

  31. Purple loosestrife • Non-native species out-compete native species • lack of competitors & predators • reducing diversity • causing loss of food & nesting sites for animals • Video 1968 1978

  32. Overexploitation North Atlantic bluefin tuna

  33. Biodiversity hot spots

  34. Restoration projects

  35. Think Globally, Act Locally Any Questions??

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