Victorian England

1. Victorian England The Introduction of Industry & A Taste of Technology Kellis Kincaid and Jeff Greve

2. The Industrial Revolution • Started in Great Britain • Capitalism helped it start • Invention of interchangeable parts marked the beginning. • Steam power, water wheels. • Railways, canals, and improved paved roads. Early railroad cars. Used child labor James Watt Steam Engine

3. Stuff used to make other stuff • Iron making had been perfected. • Cupola. Fire separate from metal. • Steel was invented. • Used only when necessary, expensive. • Strongest material invented at that time. • Reprocessed until all carbon was gone. • Rediscovery of concrete • Recipe had been lost for 1,300 years. • John Smeaton

4. Making lots of stuff • Manufacturing • Began with textile mills. • Steam engine – James Watt • Powered most factories • Also adapted for the railroad • Specialization

5. Child Labor • Coal mines – tunnels • Two thirds of workers in cotton mills • Children needed to work to provide income for family

6. The Iron Horse • First train – George Stephenson • Main components were iron and steel. • Able to carry a huge amount of goods and people • Run off of coal.

7. Other Inventions Spinning Jenny – Able to make 120 spools of yarn at once. Bobbin Net Machine – John Heathcoat. Manufactured lace. Jacquard Loom – Used punched cards to control machine. Telegraph – Sent messages as an electronic code. Stereoscope – Sir Charles Wheatstone. Allowed images to be viewed in 3D.

8. Pollution • Burning coal, oil and gas produces carbon dioxide and releases dirty particles into the air. • Deforestation led to erosion and poor air quality. • Factories would dump waste into rivers. • The Thames • Cholera epidemics • The “Great Stink” of 1858

9. The Underground • Cut and cover • Began in 1860 • Underground and aboveground • In 1860, 26k passengers a day

10. Effects on Everyday Life + Faster travel + cheaper goods + better communication + - Pollution – poverty – terrible work conditions -