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EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION. I. FOSSILS USUALLY FOUND IN SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAYERS. “OLD AT THE BOTTOM & NEW AT THE TOP!”. II. EVIDENCE IN LIVING ORGANISMS. A. DNA, RNA, & ATP ARE SIMILAR BETWEEN ALL SPECIES. B. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES:.

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EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

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  1. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION I.FOSSILS USUALLY FOUND IN SEDIMENTARY ROCK LAYERS. “OLD AT THE BOTTOM & NEW AT THE TOP!”

  2. II. EVIDENCE IN LIVING ORGANISMS • A. DNA, RNA, & ATP ARE SIMILAR BETWEEN ALL SPECIES.

  3. B. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES: • BODY STRUCTURES THAT ARE SIMILAR IN FUNCTION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT.

  4. EX. FORELIMBS OF THE BAT, PENGUIN, ALLIGATOR, & HUMAN. • STRUCTURES LOOK DIFFERENT, YET COME FROM THE SAME STRUCTURES OF THE EMBRYO.

  5. D. VESTIGIAL ORGANS: • STRUCTURES/ORGANS THAT SERVE NO USEFUL FUNCTION. • EX. TAILBONE, APPENDIX, EAR MUSCLES, BODY HAIR, NICTITATING MEMBRANE.

  6. Top 10 Useless Limbs and Other Vestigial Organs

  7. III. DARWIN’S SAYS… • LIVING ORGANISMS EVOLVED THROUGH GRADUAL CHANGES OF EARLIER FORMS. • THIS IS “DECENT FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR”.

  8. DARWIN’S POINTS ARE THE MAIN BASIS OF EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT TODAY.

  9. IV. PATTERNS OF EVOL.TYPE 1. - COEVOLUTION • A CHANGE IN ONE, TRIGGERS A CHANGE IN ANOTHER. • EX. FLOWERING PLANTS AND THE INSECTS THAT POLLINATE THEM.

  10. TYPE 2. - CONVERGENT EVOL. • UNRELATED SPECIES APPEAR SIMILAR. • BASED ON LIVING IN SIMILAIR ENVIRONMENTS. • EX. DOLPHINS, SHARKS, & PENGUINS

  11. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES- • STRUCTURES SIMILAR IN APPEARANCE & BEHAVIOR, YET ARE FROM DIFFERENT CELL ORIGINS • EX. BUTTERFLY WINGS & BAT WINGS

  12. TYPE 3 - DIVERGENT EVOL. • RELATED SPECIES BECOME LESS ALIKE. • DUE TO MIGRATING TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS • EX. RED FOX (FORESTS) AND KIT FOX (DESERTS) • BROWN BEARS & POLAR BEARS

  13. V. NATURAL SELECTION“NATURE’S WAY TO SELECT EVOLUTION”

  14. A. STABILIZING SELECTION • SELECTION OF THE AVERAGE FORM OF A TRAIT. • NOT THE EXTREME • EX. INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT

  15. B. DIRECTIONAL SELECTION • SELECTION OF ONE OF THE EXTREME VARIATIONS OF A TRAIT. • EX. BEAK SHAPE ON THE GALAPAGOS • EX. ANTIBIOTICS

  16. C. DISRUPTIVE SELECTION • SELECTION OF BOTH EXTREMES OF A VARIATION. • EX. BEAK SIZE AND AVAILABLE SEED SIZE • “BIG BEAK & BIG SEEDS” • “LITTLE BEAK & LITTLE SEEDS”

  17. D. SEXUAL SELECTION • CHOICE OF A MATE BASED ON THE PRESENCE/ ABSENCE OF CERTAIN TRAIT/S. • EX. CHARLES MANSON, MICHAEL JACKSON

  18. **ARTIFICIAL SELECTION • EX. SELECTIVE BREEDING • HUMANS SELECT CERTAIN TRAITS FOR A DESIRED OUTCOME. • EX. DOGS, FRUITS & VEGGIES

  19. VI. SPECIATION - FORMING OF A NEW SPECIES THROUGH THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION.

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