Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [WBAN = Mobile Femto-cell] Date Submitted: [5 January 2009] Source: [S.M. Ryu, D.Y. Kim, C.S. Eun, & H.S. Lee] Company [Casuh, Chungnam Univ., ETRI] Address [#813 Leaders B/D, 342-1, Bundang, Seongnam, Kyeonggi, 463-828, Korea] Voice: [+82-31-709-5577, +82-42-821-6862], FAX: [+82-31-709-5578, +82-42-823-5586] E-Mail:[retaw@casuh.com, dykim@cnu.kr, hsulee@etri.re.kr] Re: [Contribution to IEEE 802.15.6 Meeting, January 2009] Abstract: [In the future, WBAN and 5G communication system would not be separated systems. To increase mobile channel capacity, it is inevitable to reduce cell size. If we reduce cell size to 3m radius femto-cell, then the base station becomes a body coordinator. Therefore we should consider 5G communication phenomena during considering WBAN standard.] Purpose: [Proposal] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. WBAN = Mobile Femto-cell In the future, WBAN and 5G communication system would not be separated systems. To increase mobile channel capacity, it is inevitable to reduce cell size. If we reduce cell size to 3m radius femto-cell, then the base station becomes a body coordinator. Therefore we should consider 5G communication phenomena during considering WBAN standard. January 2009 S. M. Ryu CASUH D. Y. Kim, C.S. Eun CNU H. S. Lee ETRI

3. How to increase mobile channel capacity ? . 3Km 300m 30m 3m Macro Micro Pico Femto • Find new frequencies not developed yet ; no more available • Find new signal processing technique's ; only few times increasable • But we need few hundreds times capacity or more • The only way to achieve few thousand times capacity ; reduce cell size Ubiquitous World Personal Mobile Space (WBAN)

4. Body Coordinator Mobile Femto-cell Body Master • Body coordinator is not a sufficing concept. • Synchronous frames can reject mutual interference among RF’s . • So, Body coordinator should synchronize all of body device’s. • Better to rename body coordinator as “Body Master”.

5. Body Master Operation

6. Power Shift by Generation Producer Producer Producer Producer distributor distributor Product Ads broadcasting distributor internet Internet broadcasting distributor User User Consumer=Producer Consumer Consumer Industry Revolution Governing Space Internet Consumer Revolution Homemade Products Google Private Ads PicoCast The market of Google is effective only when customer exists in front of the monitor What will be the next Google market ???

7. Paradigm Change : User Oriented WiBro u-City WiBro u-City IPTV Home Network Ubiquitous Home Network IPTV Mobile VoIP RFID USN Infra Mobile VoIP RFID USN Mobile Phone DMB Mobile Phone DMB Provider Oriented User Oriented Users select among services broadcast by providers User terminals should meet provider specifications

8. Mobile Mobile Broad- casting Broad- casting Broad- casting IPTV Internet Femto Mobile Broad- casting Int er net Wired Mobile VoIP Wired Wired Home Appliance WLAN Wired Internet Wired Mobile Market Initiative  WBAN IPTV Femto Mobile VoIP WLAN Mobile Femto-cell Mobile Internet WBAN User oriented Ubiquitous : Mobile Femto-cell

9. Mobile Femto-cell = Body Master ? Home Appliance PC Body Master Mobile Femto-cell = User Oriented Service Convergence IPTV Mobile Phone Wired

10. Body Master Mobility e d h C g A a B c b S f To reduce mutual interference, mutual synchronization is necessary

11. Hybrid Dual MAC Issues in WBAN Work Scope Medical Very high QoS Non-medical High Speed Arrange Requirements • List up user requirements • Check realizability • If no, reduce requirements APP Full Single MAC Challenges & Opportunities • In-body / Out-body Interference • Multiple MAC or Single MAC ? • Compromise power & speed • Medical / Non-medical support MAC Independent Multiple MAC 400MHz ~ Kbps 2.4GHz ~Mbps UWB ~10Mbps Choose existing technique • Select good chip • Enhance antenna matching • Reduce system size & Good design PHY • Add process gain for medical use ?

12. Solutions for Challenges 1. In-body / Out-body Interference • Chg. : Even though difference frequency band interfere each other • Sol. : Synchronized Framecan reject mutual interference among PHY’s 128bit multi preamble is necessary to enhance sync. probability 2. Single MAC to support Multi-PHY’s • Chg. : Single PHY cannot meet so wide user requirements • Sol. : Multi preamble is useful to support scalable data rate Synchronized Framecan support different PHY’s without interference 3. Compromise Power & Speed • Chg. : Low power sensor and High speed multimedia should supported Sol.: Multi PHYconcept can support Multi RF Block Sensor use single RF Block, Multimedia use multi RF Block’s 4.Medical / Non-Medical Dual support • Chg.: Medica needs 10-10 BER performance with low speed • Sol.: 128bit Multi preamble provides enough Process Gain

13. Unified Frame R R T R R R T T R R R T R R T R T R T T T T T T R R R T T R R T R T R T R T R T How to avoid mutual interference I0 I1 I2 I3 O1 O2

14. Multiple Preamble Concept Fixed Multiple Variable Sync Aide Preamble Lock time Message EOF Header Conventional Frame Structure Sync Aide & Command Preamble Lock time Message EOF Header Suggested Frame Structure Multiple Preamble contains short message

15. False Alarm & False Dismissal Probability for WBAN 64bit is not enough but 128 bit is too high ; so we suggest multi Preamble

16. Non-Medical Spread Spectrum Block ~14dB Medical ~7dB Non-Medical 100Kbps Medical ~Kbps Process Gain for Medical Use Environment SNR might be under the 0 dB

17. Single Baseband for Multi PHY(RF) Concept • Frequency Diversity • High speed Tx with narrow band RF RF #1 f1 4M Frame Format Mux/ Demux RF #2 f2 4M RF combiner 12Mbps 16M RF #3 f3 4M RF #4 f4 4M 32MHz

18. Frame Error Rate & Sync Loss Table # of frame error / # of Sync loss

19. Frame Structure example for scalable data rate 2msec 128μsec 64μ 1500μsec 8μ 250μsec 50μ 250K ~ 4Mbps 1Mbps Basic data rate Scalable data rate 750K / 1M 1.5M / 2M 3M / 4M 6M / 8M 12M / 16M Overhead : Payload = 1 : 3 Payload Data Speed = 750Kbps ; 1MHz clock

20. Additional Considerations for WBAN • Power Control • Fast paring • Mutual Sync. • Role Exchange • QoS Check • Emergency Alarm • Hand-over Pico 3m 30m Femto Through Body 3m = Forward Body 30m

21. Conclusion • WBAN body master will work like a mobile femto-cell. • Increasing mobile channel capacity will reduce the cell size as small as possible • Mutual interference among Body’s must be solved. • Additional WBAN conditions should be considered for future market. • How to minimize the mutual interference among the crowded moving body’s ? • How to minimize initial sync time & how to maintain synchronized status ? • Who will be the super master and govern areal body’s ? • The WBAN standard should includes items as follows ; • Interference cancelling in-body, on-body, out-body, & among-body • Single MAC to support multi PHY for wide user requirements • Compromise conflicting items (power & high speed; medical & nonmedical) • New suggestions are submitted for chaosWBAN standard • Synchronous frame to reject interference in-, on-, out-, & among Body’s • Multi preamble to enhance synchronization probability & for special purposes • Multi RF & frame structure to compromise conflicting items