A STUDY OF TECTONIC UNITS OF THE AREA ALONG TURKISH-GEORGIAN BORDER

1. Unutulmayan Model Bir Çalışma: Türkiye-Gürcistan Uluslararası Çok Disiplinli Jeoloji Projesi An Unforgettable Model Study: The Turkish-Georgian International Multidisciplinary Geological Project Ali YILMAZ 1, Shota ADAMİA 2, Tandoğan ENGİN 3, Tengiz LAZARASHVİLİ 4, İskender KURT5, Mustafa ÖZKAN 5, Emil TSERETELİ 4, Viladimir GUGUSHVİLİ 6, Hüseyin YILMAZ 7. 1C.Ü. Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, 58140, Sivas (ayilmaz@cumhuriyet.edu.tr) 2 Institute of Geophysics, 1M. Alexidze str. 0193, Tbilisi, Georgia 3 MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara 4 The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia, 6 Gulua Str. 0115, Tbilisi, Georgia 5 MTA Bölge Müdürlüğü, Trabzon 6 Geological Institute, Georgian Acad. of Sci. Aleksidze st. 1, build. 9, 380093 Tbilisi Georgia 7 C.Ü. Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeofizik Mühendisliği Bölümü, 58140, Sivas ÖZ 1994 - 1997 yıllarında MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Gürcistan Jeoloji Dairesi, Jeoloji Enstitüsü ve Bilimler Akademisi çalışanlarının ortak çabasıyla çok disiplinli uluslararası jeoloji projesinin saha çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları MTA tarafından 2003 yılında sunulmuştur. Sunulan çalışmadan önce iki ülkenin sınırı boyunca yer alan jeolojik birimleri deneştirmek mümkün değildi. Fakat bu çalışmadan sonra iki ülkenin sadece jeolojik birimlerce değil, cevher yataklarının yer aldığı provensler, jeofizik veriler (özellikle manyetik ve gravimetrik çalışmalar), jeotermal konular ve mühendislik-çevre verileri de aynı temelde deneştirilebilir bir düzeye getirilmişti Bu posterde yukarda belirtilen çalışmalar kapsamında, MTA Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından basılan jeolojik, metalojenik, jeofizik, jeotermal ve mühendislik-çevre haritaları sunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak projenin sonunda aşağıdaki sonuçlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki ülkenin jeolojik birimlerinin sağlıklı bir deneştirilmesi, daha güvenilir bir bilgi alt yapısı sağlamıştır.Cevher yataklarına ilişkin çalışmalar, bölgede yaygın olan mineral kaynaklarının araştırılmasına yeni bir açılım sağlamıştır. Bölgesel manyetik ve gravimetrik çalışmaların sonucunda, sınır bölgesi ve komşu alanlardaki derin yapıların, aynı çerçevede değerlendirilebileceği belirlenmiştir.İki ülkenin jeotermal alanları, iki ülkenin girişimcilerinin de katılımıyla kullanılıp değerlendirilebilecektir. Sınır boyunca yapılan mühendislik ve çevre konusundaki çalışmalara ilişkin güvenilir bilgi, Karadeniz kıyı bölgelerinin çevre sorunlarının çözümünde kullanılabilir. Ayrıca bu projenin gerçekleştirilmesinin, gelecekte iki ülkenin daha iyi bir bilimsel atmosferi ve dostluğu geliştirmesine katkı sağlaması umut edilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Jeoloji projesi, Türkiye-Gürcistan sınırı ABSTRACT Field studies within the ambit of an international multidisciplinary geological project has been carried out between 1994-1997 by the joint effords of collaborators from the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey, and the Georgian State Department of Geology and Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences of Georgia. Results of this study have been presented by MTA in 2003. By this study, it has been possible to correlate geological units along the border area of two countries. Not only geological units, but also ore-deposit provinces, geophysical data (mainly magnetic and gravimetric studies), geotermal aspects and engineering-environmental data of both countries have been correlated in the same basic geological perspective. In this poster presentation, geological, metallogenical, geophysical, geothermal and engineering-environmental color maps printed by MTA will be presented. The following results have been carried out. A healty correlation of geological units of both countries have led to a more reliable information.Ore deposit studies have created a new pespective for investigation of mineral deposits, which are widespread in the region. As the result of regional geophysical magnetic and gravimetric studies, the deep structures of the border area and adjoining territories have been evaluated in the same basic data.Geothermal resources of both sides would be evaluated and used together with the participation of both countries’ entrepreneurs. Reliable information on engineering and environmental studies along the border area could be used to solve environmental problems of the Black Sea coastline areas. Furthermore, it is hoped that the realization of this project would improve a better scientific atmosphere and friendship between two countries in the future. Keywords: Geological project, Turkish-Georgian border A STUDY OF TECTONIC UNITS OF THE AREA ALONG TURKISH-GEORGIAN BORDER Ali Yılmaz*, Shota Adamia**, Manana Lordkipanidze***, Torun Yılmaz*, İskender Kurt*, Guram Abesadze****, Tengiz Lazarashvili****, Roland Beradze****, Robert Nadirashvili****, Simon Kuloshvili***, Nodar Salukvadze, Mustafa Özkan* *ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to map the border area as a whole and evaluate the main geological characteristics of the region. Two main tectonic units are observed along the border area, which are respectively the Adjara-Trialeti unit to the north and the Artvin-Bolnisi unit to the south. The Lowermost part of these units, particularly in the study area, is characterized by the Late Cretaceous arc association of the Eastern Pontides and Southern Transcaucasus. Along the Adjara-Trialeti unit, the Maastrichtian-Paleocene hemipelagic limestones and turbiditic terrigenous clastics overlie the back-arc rocks conformably and pass gradually upwards into the Eocene volcanic rocks. Middle Eocene volcanic rocks include, from bottom to top as an alternation of turbiditic rocks and basaltic volcanics, dellenitic volcanics, and shallow marine basaltic volcanoclastic rocks. As a whole they appear to be at least 7 km in thickness. This sequence is followed conformably by the Late Eocene shoshonitic volcanics. Along the Artvin-Bolnisi unit, the Maastrichtian-Paleocene shallow marine limestone and turbiditic terrigenous clastics overlie the arc rocks and pass upwards in to the Eocene volcano-clastic rocks with local unconformities. The Middle Eocene volcanic rocks show similar succession to that of the Adjara-Trialeti unit and appear to be 1,5-2 km or less in thickness. This sequence is followed conformably by the Late Eocene shallow marine clastics. In the study area of Turkish side, the massive sulfide deposits occure between the acidic volcanic (Kızılkaya formation) and basaltic volcano-sedimentary sequence (Çağlayan formation), where exposes only along the transition zone of the Adjara-Trialeti and Artvin-Bolnisi units. But, porphyry and vein type sulfide deposits are found in different levels of both units, which developed depending on intrusive bodies. In spite of the differences in terms of thickness, local unconformities and type of rock units noted above, the Maastrichtian-Eocene sequences of both tectonic units can be correlable and it could also be concluded that Artvin-Bolnisi block played a marginal role for the Adjara-Trialeti basin. Oligocene-Lower Miocene shallow marine to continental clastics overlie the both tectonic units conformably and can be interpreted as a regressional sequence. All these rock units presented above were folded more intensively in the Adjara-Trialeti zone and in places thrusted at the end of Oligocene-Early Miocene, along the NE-SW trend. In the study area, Late Miocene-Pliocene continental clastics and volcanics and also Plio-Quaternary basalts and andesites overlie respectively all the older units unconformably and represent a molassic deposits of the new tectonic period. As a result of this study, the following conclusions are reached : 1) The facies of Adjara-Trialeti units are traced along the Easternmost Black Sea coast in Turkey as well, 2) There was not any volcanic activity during Maastrichtian to Paleocene time. So it can also be noted that the Late Cretaceous arc activity ceased before Maastrichtian time, along the border region. A STUDY OF METALLOGENIC UNITS OF THE AREA IN NORTHERN TURKEY AND SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA (METALLOGENESIS OF EAST PONTID, ADJARA-TRIALETI AND ARTVIN-BOLNISI ZONES) Vaja Buadze*, Natela Asatiani*, Tandogan Engin**, Murat Er**, Andro Khutsaidze*,Rusudan Shubladze*, Vladimer Yaroshevich*, Necmi Yuce** ABSTRACT The project was initiated to study the mineralizations, to prepare a metallogenic map to help to delineate target areas for mineral exploration. A metallogenic map has been prepared by transfering existing data on the mineral deposits and occurences on to the existing 1: 500 000 scale geological map. Some laboratory tests have been carried out on the samples collected during the field visits to the districts. On the basis of the map pattern and from the laboratory tests data some evaluations could be made. Some of the findings are: a - 6 ore bearing systems running about NE-SW have been distinguished; b - 15 ore districts have been recognized within the 6 ore bearing systems; c - Each system and each district are recognized to be separate; d - In the ore districts target areas have been identified; e - For the discovery of mineral deposits further studies have been proposed. GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF THE AREA ALONG THE TURKISH-GEORGIAN BORDER Tengiz Lazarashvili, Georgian State Department of Geology, 380062, Tbilisi, Georgia. ABSTRACT The hydrogeological and geothermal conditions of the area along the Turkish-Georgian border have been evaluated and brief descriptions of water-bearing and aquifuge complexes of rocks and mineral water deposits have been presented. There are characteristic carbon dioxide-bearing water including zones in the region. Some of them are also reflecting thermoanomaly manifestations. According to the results of temperatures of deep measurements of the wells, geothermal gradients are determined during the industrial-geophysical investigation. With using of thermoconductiving data of rocks, the general characteristics of the thermal field have been given in the investigated territory. On the basis of regional hydro-geothermal investigations, the place of the given territory is determined in the general scheme of hydrogeothermal zonation of Georgia with using of prospective-investigative drilling data on thermo-mineral waters. In conclusion, the main methods of further scientific-research works have been suggested. Because geothermal potential of the study area for geological-prospective works reveal new deposits of thermomineral waters. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE TERRRITORY ALONG THE TURKISH-GEORGIAN BORDER Emil Tsereteli*, N. Gogua*, D. Kalandadze*, T. Lazarashvili*, E. Megrelishvili*, Ali Yılmaz**, Erdal Herece** and Ergun Karacan*** ABSTRACT This part of the study deals with the engineering-geological features of the Turkish-Georgian border area. According to engineering, lithological and genetical characteristics, 6 continental-cover rock formations with 14 geological-genetical complexes and 6 basement rock units with 11 geological-genetical complexes are wholly distinguished. The general characteristics of the formations and geological-genetical complexes, their lithological and petrographical properties and varieties have been presented. There are characteristic wide spectrum of recent geodynamic processes such as landslides, rock-avalanches, erosion and abrasion. In addition, Quaternary glaciation and its fluvio-glacial sediments within the Eastern Pontides and Adjara-Trialeti mountain systems occurred extensively and in the hyposmetricaly lower levels than the setting which was known before. As a result, the schematic engineering-geological map of the region at 1/200 000 scale has been compiled and also the main directions of further engineering-geological investigations are presented.