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Overview of Thoracic Anatomy and Muscles

Explore the intricate details of the ribs, vertebral column, and accessory muscles of the thoracic cavity. Learn about the pleurae, sternum, and abdominal muscles. Dive into the structural features and functions of the respiratory system.

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Overview of Thoracic Anatomy and Muscles

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  1. Respiratory SystemLecture 2

  2. Bronchioles Question: Are the alveoli always at the end of the 24th division of the tertiary (segmental) bronchi? Answer: (See figure) This number is approximate. These bronchi can divide up to 24 times, but don’t always. http://www.ecc-book.com/Anatomy_Lecture_1_Lungs.pdf

  3. Pleurae • 2 separate sacs • Pleural layers continuous in each sac • Costal: pertaining to ribs Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 41.

  4. Overview Bones Ribs/ribcage Vertebral column Muscles Thoracic Accessory Diaphragm Abdominal

  5. Clavicle and Sternum • Clavicle (collarbone) • Sternum (breastbone) • Manubrium • Sternal angle • Body • Xiphoid/Ensiform process http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage.html

  6. Vertebral Column C1-C7 • 32-34 Vertebrae • 7 cervical (C#) • 12 thoracic (T#) • 5 lumbar (L#) • 5 sacral (S#) • fused- sacrum • 3-5 coccygeal (none) • fused- coccyx T1-T12 L1-L5 Sacrum Coccyx http://www.everythingicafe.com/forum/threads/this-case-looks-awesome.28863/page-10

  7. Rib Anatomy • 2 connections with thoracic vertebrae • Angle: where direction of rib changes to anterior • Costal groove: protects blood vessels and nerves • Costochondral joint: connects rib (bone) and costal cartilage http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/thoraxbones.htm

  8. Ribs: Vertebral Connections Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 48. http://retilde.wordpress.com/category/rib-cage/

  9. Ribcage • 12 rib pairs • Connected to vertebrae • True ribs (7) • Synchondrosis (rib 1) • synovial/sternocostal joints • False ribs (3) • Floating ribs (2) http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNo5HJIY5w4

  10. Scapula (shoulder blade) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapula

  11. Overview Bones Ribs/ribcage Vertebral column Muscles Thoracic Accessory Diaphragm Abdominal

  12. Thoracic Muscles Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Serratus (3) LevatoresCostarum Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Diaphragm Transversus Abdominus

  13. Thoracic Muscles External Intercostals Internal Intercostals

  14. Chest Wall/Thoracic Cavity Muscles • External intercostals • Between ribs (11) • Origin: vertebrae • Course down and lateral • Insertion: costal cartilages • Contract: ribs move up and out http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5283/ Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

  15. Chest Wall/Thoracic Cavity Muscles • Internal intercostals • Between ribs (11) • Origin: sternum • Course down and lateral (opposite external intercostals) • Insertion: rib angle • Contract: ribs move down and in http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5287/ Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

  16. Thoracic Muscles Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Serratus (3) LevatoresCostarum Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Diaphragm Transversus Abdominus

  17. Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus Serratus LevatoresCostarum Posterior Superior Posterior Inferior Anterior

  18. Accessory Muscles • Sternocleidomastoid • Origins: manubrium of sternum and clavicle • Unite and course upward • Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone • Contract: when head is fixed, bilateral contraction elevates sternum, clavicle, ribcage http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5086/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  19. Accessory Muscles • Transversusthoracis • Origin: lower sternum • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5289/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  20. Accessory Muscles • Scalenus • Origin: cervical vertebrae • Insertion: ribs 1 & 2 • Contract: raises ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5270/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5267/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5262/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  21. Accessory Muscles • Serratus anterior • Origin: ribs • Insertion: scapula • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior superior • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior inferior • Origin: thoracic/lumbar vertebrae • Insertion: lower ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5505/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5284/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5285/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  22. Accessory Muscles • Levatorescostarum • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: rib below origin • Contract: elevate ribs (similar to external intercostals) http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5238/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  23. Thoracic Muscles Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Serratus (3) LevatoresCostarum Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Diaphragm Transversus Abdominus

  24. Diaphragm

  25. Diaphragm • Major muscle of inspiration • Sheet of muscle and tendon between the lungs and abdomen • Dome-shaped • Muscle: 3 attachments • Sternal origin: Xiphoid process • Costal origin: costal cartilages 7-12 • Vertebral origin: upper lumbar vertebrae (crura) • Right crus: L1-L3 or L4 • Left crus: L1-L2 Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 20.

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