1 / 41

What is Disability…?

What is Disability…?. April 3 rd , 2008. Today in class we will…. What do I say? Language/Labels/Stereotypes Terminology Etiquette Basic concepts related to disability and disability studies Definitions Impairment Handicap Disability.

Download Presentation

What is Disability…?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. What is Disability…? April 3rd, 2008

  2. Today in class we will… • What do I say? • Language/Labels/Stereotypes • Terminology • Etiquette • Basic concepts related to disability and disability studies • Definitions • Impairment • Handicap • Disability

  3. Imagine an action movie that has a clear and stereotypical “good” guy and “bad” guy…

  4. More Stereotypes & Labels • How do these images, along with other images of persons with disabilities affect stereotypes of persons w/ disabilities? • Myths

  5. What are some slang words associated w/ disabilities or disability related?

  6. Problematic Words Retard / Retarded Stupid Lame / Cripple Insane Crazy Psycho Maniac Nut Case Midget Spazz Handicap

  7. Problematic Euphemisms Used for Persons with Disabilities • Physically Challenged • Differently Able(d) / handicapable • “Special” • “Brave” (Inspirational, Courageous) • Wheelchair Bound / Confined to a Wheelchair • Victim / “suffers from” / “afflicted with” (Stroke, Heart Attack, etc.) • In contrast • TAB (Temporary Able Bodied)

  8. So…What Do I Say? • Remember… • Words have power • Stereotyping and language interconnect • What do we do and say in a society that might be experiencing PC-fatigue

  9. “Disability” Linton: “We have decided to reassign meaning rather than chose a new name.”* • Your reaction to the term disability? • Will reassigning meaning be successful? *Claiming Disability,page 31

  10. Acceptable Use of Language • "People First Language” • Person With a Disability (PWD) • Pride First Language • Deaf (Person) • Disabled Person (DP)

  11. People First language • "People First Language” • Person Who is deaf / Hard of Hearing • Person with ____ (MS, Cancer, etc.) • Person with a Disability (PWD) • (Including: Non- Apparent or Hidden Disability) • “Person with a…” (Physical or Mental Difference)

  12. Pride First Language • Disabled Person • (Claiming Disability) • Nondisabled

  13. Etiquette • How do you “treat” a Person With a Disability? • Reading

  14. Other Concepts… • Ableism • Overcoming • Pity • Super Crip

  15. What does it mean to be able-bodied? • What are able-bodied people “able” to do? • What do able-bodied people look like?

  16. Ableism • "discrimination in favor of the able-bodied."Reader’s Digest Oxford Wordfinder • Linton: • Person is determined by their disability • Disabled People are inferior to nondisabled people

  17. Overcoming (a common theme) • Overcoming a disability • "I never think of you as disabled." • "He/she is a credit to his/her race."

  18. Pity • To feel compassionate, commiserate, be sorry for. • Sometimes implying slight contempt for a person on account of some intellectual or moral inferiority attributed to him. • (Oxford English Dictionary,2nd ed. 1989)

  19. “Super-Crip”(When Stereotypes Tell the Story (National Center on Disability and Journalism -NCDJ) • Disability as Tragedy • Inspiration / Overcoming • Courageous • Christopher Reeve: Triumph over Tragedy (Alter). • The latest item on the TV news, eg a blind man climbing a mountain.  

  20. Definitions • Impairment • Handicap • Disability

  21. Impairment: • Refers to physical or mental limitations such as difficulty walking • Represents a deviation from the person's usual biomedical state.

  22. Impairment: • When does physical / mental variation become an impairment?

  23. What is the difference between: • Impairment • Illness / “being sick” • Chronic Health Conditions?

  24. MIND / BODY STATE (Condition) Minimal Expected Variation State Unexpected Variation (DISABILITY) Minor Variation DEATH BIRTH Minor Variation Unexpected Variation (DISABILITY) Impairment (aches/pains, illness/sick/injury, chronic illness/disease, short/tall, manic/depressed…. ) =Variation

  25. Handicap • Different meanings throughout time and situation… • The disadvantage experienced by a person as a result of impairments (Now considered offensive)

  26. Disability • Oh so many definitions… • Let’s start with the legal (US) definition: • ADA(Americans with Disabilities Act): • (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, • (2) has a record of such an impairment, or • (3) is regarded as having such an impairment.

  27. World Health Org. (WHO)1980 • Disability • Restriction or lack (from an impairment) of ability considered normal for a human being • Handicap • The disadvantage experienced by a person as a result of impairments *ICIDH-1 (1980)

  28. Impairment Handicap Disability Sequence of ConceptsWHO 1980 Disease or disorder ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- impairment at the organ level disability at the person level handicap at the societal level

  29. WHO 2001 • Disability : • outcome or result of a complexrelationship between an individual’s: • health condition • personalfactors • external factors

  30. Body function&structure (Impairment) Activities (Limitation) Participation (Restriction) Environmental Factors Personal Factors Interaction of Concepts WHO 2001 Health Condition (disorder/disease)

  31. Classifying classification b11420 Hierarchy: b Bodily structures b1 Mental functions b11 Global mental functions b114 Orientation functions b1142 Orientation towards others b11420 Orientation towards one-self.

  32. Quantifying Quantifying functionality: 0-4% 0 No impairment 5-24% 1 Light impairment 25-49% 2 Moderate impairment 50-95% 3 Serious impairment 96-100% 4 Total impairment 8 Non specified 9 Non applicable

  33. Where is the subjective (QOL)?

  34. Other classification systems • DSM IV • ICD

  35. Review of some of the definitions: • ADA • An individual with a disability is defined as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities • a person who has a history or record of such impairment, • or a person who is perceived by others as having such impairment. • ICF • Disability is an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions. • Environmental and personal factors influence all aspects of health, functioning and disability. • Surgeon General July 26, 2005 • “… disabilities are characteristics of the body, mind, or senses that, to a greater or lesser extent, affect a person’s ability to engage independently in some or all aspects of day-to-day life.”

  36. 67 US acts / programs that define disability • 35 have self-contained definitions (although some contain more than one definition)

  37. Which definition do you choose? • Obviously no one has this figured out…

  38. Disability Activists (UK)1976(UPIAS - Union of Physically Impaired Against Segregation) • Disability • “the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a contemporary social organization which takes no or little account of people who have physical impairments and thus excludes them from the mainstream of social activities” • Changes the focus of disability away from the individual to Society. (1st articulation of the “Social Model of Disability”)

  39. Social Model • States that inappropriate and discriminatory: • Social Attitudes (Ableism), • Sociopolitical Structures, • Cultural Phenomena • are the central problem for disabled people

  40. Who is Disabled? Everybody? What did Linton have to say about “everybody”?

  41. NEXT SESSION Models of Disability

More Related