EPISODE 3 – ENERGY ELECTRICITY – BE PART OF THE SOLUTION INSTEAD OF THE PROBLEM!

1. GLOBAL FUTURES LOCAL FUTURES EPISODE 3 – ENERGY ELECTRICITY – BE PART OF THE SOLUTION INSTEAD OF THE PROBLEM!

2. IS THE WORLD GOING TO END LIKE THIS? • What is the future if we do not take responsibility for our planet? • How could our use of energy cause this?

3. The purpose of this is for you to be an independent learner! The whole of this sub-topic of Global Futures, Local Futures is on this presentation and you need to take responsibility for getting the information you will need for the end assessment. During the presentation there will be a series of tasks for you to do – when you see this smiley…. You also have a 2 sheets to complete to help you examine the different types of energy and the best option for our future. Remember, there are 2 – one for renewable and one for non-renewable types of energy.

4. We have been studying GLOBAL WARMINGand know that burning fossil fuels to produce electricity is the biggest cause due to the carbon dioxide that it releases.Click on the links below and complete the all the activities to help remind you why we are doing this. http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/486.htmhttp://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/484.htmhttp://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/657.htm

5. THE FUTURE In order for us to do something about the GLOBAL problem of temperature rise at a LOCAL level we need to either1. find an ALTERNTIVE and cleaner more sustainable way of producing electricity in this countryand/ or 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use in ourhomes, schools and businesses.

6. TASK ONE:Put today’s date in your exercise book and the title, “GLOBAL FUTURES, LOCAL FUTURES – ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY”Write a short paragraph to explain why we are going to be studying energy and electricity. How does it link to Global Warming and how does it fit into our work on Global Futures and Local Futures?Now research the meaning of the word SUSTAINABLE and write a definition in your book.

7. Watch this short video – in particular the first few images to remind ourselves about how filthy we are making our atmosphere by burning and through power generation: Click on the egg-timer to begin.

8. 1. The situation NOW!! Here in 2007, in Lichfield and throughout the rest of the world, yes this affects all of us everyday and will continue to do so………..

9. ELECTRICITY! We all use electricity by the bucket load every day but producing it in power stations causes dreadful pollution as fossil fuels have to be burnt in order to produce it.

10. Coal, oil and gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals – in other words their dead bodies!! Find out more about how they formed at www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter08.html At the time this page was written, they provided around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the world's total energy demands (including heating, transport, electricity generation and other uses). The problem here is how dirty they make the air when they are burnt and how much pollution, particularly carbon dioxide they create in order to produce electricity. Fossil Fuels and Non-Renewable Energy – WHAT ARE THEY? Where Fossil Fuels Come From There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds of millions of years ago some even before the time of the dinosaurs - hence the name fossil fuels. Coal, oil and natural gas are also called NON-RENEWABLE forms of energy. This is because they formed so long ago and the supplies we have are finite – in other words once they’re gone they’re gone as it will take millions of years again for any more to form.

11. Where are the world’s fossil fuels? Task 2: Study the map carefully. Put the title above into your exercise book and then rank (put into order) the 9 places on the map according to how many reserves of fossil fuels they have. Start from the one with the most and end with the one with the least.

12. So they are filthy dirty and they are running out! TASK 3: (a) Write the meaning of the following terms into your books: Fossil Fuels (name the 3 fossil fuels too) Non-renewable energy Finite (b) Give 2 reasons why we should be looking for alternatives to fossil fuels.

13. Non renewable energy 1. COAL How does coal form?

15. How does coal make electricity? • Coal is pulverised (battered!) into dust • Hot air blows coal dust into the furnace • The dust burns like a gas and boils the water • Superheated steam drives the turbines • The generator produces electricity • Steam is cooled and converted into water by the condenser • The warm water is cooled by air blowing through the tower • Water is recirculated to maximise use

16. Some facts about coal and electricity production…… • Coal is non-renewable • Coal is found in: England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, USA, India, China, South Africa, Australia, Russia, Poland, Columbia and the Ukraine • The UK has 17 major coal fired power stations • There should be enough coal for use to use until the end of the 22nd century.

17. COAL and electricity production – the good, the bad and the ugly! ADVANTAGES Of using coal to generate electricity Burning coal is the cheapest way of generating electricity at the moment Power stations can be built pretty much anywhere there is a water supply and good transport links There are still plenty of coal reserves left in the world DISADVANTAGES Of using coal to generate electricity Burning coal produces carbon dioxide which is the main gas responsible for global warming and also sulphur dioxide which causes acid rain. Coal is non-renewable so one day it will run out You need huge amounts of coal to produce relatively small amounts of electricity.

18. What else is coal used to produce?

19. So who is using the most coal? • TASK 4: • Put the above title into your book and • Describe what each graph shows • Write 3 observations about each graph • Write 3 questions about the information given in the graphs • Is there anything you find strange about the graphs?

20. Non renewable energy 2. OIL AND PETROLEUM (Petrol) How do they form? Oil is another fossil fuel. It was also formed more than 300 million years ago. Some scientists say that tiny diatoms is the source of oil. Diatoms are sea creatures the size of a pin head. They do one thing just like plants; they can convert sunlight directly into stored energy. In the graphic on the left, as the diatoms died they fell to the sea floor (1). Here they were buried under sediment and other rock (2). The rock squeezed the diatoms and the energy in their bodies could not escape. The carbon eventually turned into oil under great pressure and heat. As the earth changed and moved and folded, pockets where oil and natural gas can be found were formed (3).

21. Some facts about oil and electricity production…… • Oil is a non-renewable form of energy • Oil is found mainly in the North Sea • There are 2 power stations in the UK that use oil to generate electricity • Oil reserves should last into the middle of the 21st century.

22. OIL and electricity production – the good, the bad and the ugly! ADVANTAGES Of using oil to generate electricity Oil is easy to move by pipeline or ship Power stations can be built pretty much anywhere there is a water supply and good transport links A large amount of energy can be quickly produced by one power station DISADVANTAGES Of using oil to generate electricity Burning coal produces carbon dioxide which is the main gas responsible for global warming and also sulphur dioxide which causes acid rain. Coal is non-renewable and reserves of oil are running our really quickly Using oil is very expensive compared to coal and gas.

23. TASK 5: Put the title, “Oil and Petroleum” Make a sketch of this cartoon Write a sentence to explain what the cartoon shows Now make up your own cartoon to give the same message – sketch it into your book.

24. TASK 6: The future for car drivers? Put the title above into your book Describe in your own words what the cartoon show us How realistic do you think this cartoon is? Do you think this could happen in the future? Explain your answer.

25. Non renewable energy 3. NATURAL GAS How does it form? • Gas is the remains of dead sea creatures from millions of year ago • The dead bodies sink, mix with sand and mud and are buried beneath more sediment. • This pressure creates kerogen which breaks up over time creating natural gas. • It is deep so hard to access.

26. So how from gas to electricity then? First they need to get it out from underneath the ground – or underneath the ground, beneath the sea!

27. And then it’s off to the power station! Gas is burned in a turbine like a jet engine on a plane, this turns a generator creating electricity. There are 36 gas fired power stations in the UK but only enough gas to last into the mid 21st century. The UK imports most of its gas which is why are bills are so expensive!

28. OPTION 1: Reducing the amount of electricity that we all use……. 2. The Future?

29. Complete the following activities that will help you think about saving electricity…. • http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/101.htm • http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/111.htm • http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/656.htm Task 7: Put the title, ‘Saving energy’ into your book. Draw an illustrated spider diagram to show how you intend to reduce the amount of energy you and your family use or waste at home!

30. 2. The Future? OPTION 2: Finding alternative ways of producing electricity that do not involve the burning of fossil fuels so they are cleaner and more sustainable.

31. The FUTURE could still be…. Non renewable energy 4. Nuclear Power! Although this is a non-renewable form of energy it is a realistic option for our future electricity production as it created from uranium and we have lots of that!! We already have 11 nuclear power stations in the UK. However, as I am sure you are aware nuclear energy is not without its issues…….

32. 8: Put this title, then write out the questions – leaving space to answer them, the answers are in the video! Nuclear energy - • What is it used for? • What is nuclear energy? • How is it made? • What are the waste products? • What are their possible environmental impact? click to watch the video.

33. Nuclear explosions are something to fear! click to watch the video.

34. In 1986 there was an explosion at the nuclear power station in Chernobyl Watch this video – click on it.

35. Chernobyl affected a lot of people over a very wide area…..

36. But is it all bad……? • DISADVANTAGES • Of using nuclear power • It is unpopular because people worry about how safe it is. • Nuclear energy is non-renewable, when the uranium runs out that will be it. • Making electricity creates nuclear waste which is incredibly difficult to get rid off. • Nuclear power stations cannot be switched on and off easily • If there is an accident – its serious! ADVANTAGES Of using nuclear power • Uranium is cheap and readily available and nuclear fuel is easily stored. • A small amount of nuclear fuel produces a large amount of electricity. • Nuclear power stations do not produce any carbon dioxide so do not contribute to global warming.

37. Watch this video to help you decide whether nuclear power is a good idea or not….

38. A Nuclear Future? Is nuclear power the way to deal with increasing energy demand? Get involved in the debate here. http://www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/653.htm • Task 9: Put the title, “Is Nuclear Energy the way forward for us” into your exercise books. Write 500 words explaining whether or not you think that nuclear energy is a good idea for us or not. Set it out like this: • Introduction – say what nuclear power is • Main body of your writing: deal with both sides of the argument, mention the advantages and the disadvantages of its use • Conclusion: say what your opinion is, do you think we should use it or not and back your view up with some of the evidence that you have mentioned.

39. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY is the name we give to energy we get from sources other than fossil fuels. It is RENEWABLE ENERGY as the sources will not run out!

40. 1. Hydro-electric power Power created by water movement:

41. You can clearly see the power that the water has and how it turns the turbine to create electricity.

42. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER – IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY? • The cost of producing the electricity is so cheap that it is virtually free!! • It does not produce any carbon dioxide • It relies on rainwater and we get plenty of that! • The dams are controlled to produce as much or as little electricity as we need so none is wasted and we can turn it up if we need more! • The dams are incredibly expensive to build • People have to move so the land can be flooded to make the reservoir – animal habitats are also lost • The best sites are usually in the mountains so miles away from the towns that need the water and energy

43. 2. Wind power Power created by the wind

44. Facts about wind energy…. • Wind turns the turbine around which then generate electricity, even on a calm day there is enough breeze to create some electricity • Wind farms are located where its most windy either high on hills or in the sea. • It is totally renewable, clean (producing no carbon dioxide) and cheap (about 5p for an hours electricity) • We have 135 wind farms in the UK and now you can have mini wind turbines on your house!

45. WIND POWER - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY? • We cannot control the wind!Wind turbines close down if the wind is too gentle or too strong. • They can only be built in certain areas (sea or hills) • People think they are ugly so don’t want them built near their homes • They can kill birds who fly into them. • Once the wind farm is built the running costs are very low • There is no release of carbon dioxide • The land around the wind turbine can still be used for farming. • It is a renewable form of energy – the wind will not run out! • The wind farms are safe and easy to build.

46. Study these photos and the map below to complete your sheet, “Where to locate a new wind farm” Allonby Anthorn 3 1 2 Burgh-by-sands . Skiddaw 4 Task 10: 5 Caldbeck fells

47. Site 1- Anthorn Anthorn is a remote village on the NW Cumbrian coast. There are already tall radio masts here, which have been used since WWII. Site 2- Burgh by Sands A coastal marsh on the Estuary of the River Eden near the city of Carlisle. Site Location Map- North Cumbria 1 2 3 5 Site 3- Allonby A small coastal town. Locals attractions of wild coastline and wild horses attract a few tourists. cafes and campsite. Offshore wind farm proposed- shallow & windy! Site 4- Skiddaw One of the highest mountains in the Lake District National Park overlooking Bassenthwaite Lake, A major tourist attraction! Site 5- Caldbeck fells Just outside the Lake District National Park the Caldbeck fells are on high exposed land. Remote although access by many country lanes. 4

48. 3. Solar power Power created by the sun Solar panels turn the suns light into heat and electricity, they are also used to heat up water in the home. There are over 100 000 small solar heating systems in the UK but very few houses have them as we don’t get enough sun!! France, however, have a huge solar power station. It costs around £6000 to have solar panels fitted but then it only costs 10p for an hours electricity

49. SOLAR POWER - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY? • Solar energy is renewable and the suns light is free • Solar energy has given people electricity in remote areas where there is no other source of energy • No carbon dioxide is created when using solar power to create electricity • There is no transporting of energy – the power is created and used in the same place. • Solar panels do not work when it is cloudy or in the night when it is dark. • The UK does not get enough sun to make solar energy possible here.

50. 4. BIOMASSPower created by plant and animal matter, animal waste and human sewage The plant, animal and human waste is burnt in a boiler to produce steam which turns a turbine to create electricity. Most UK power stations use some biomass and there are a few that just use biomass to create electricity.