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ENZYMES

ENZYMES. WHAT DO ENZYMES DO?. The reaction starts with activation energy.This activation energy is decreased by the enzymes. So we can say that enzymes which are biological catalysts quicken the reaction by decreasing activation energy. STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES. SİMPLE ENZYMES:

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ENZYMES

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  1. ENZYMES

  2. WHAT DO ENZYMES DO? The reaction starts with activation energy.This activation energy is decreased by the enzymes. So we can say that enzymes which are biological catalysts quicken the reaction by decreasing activation energy.

  3. STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES

  4. SİMPLE ENZYMES: *They are made up of apoenzymes. Apoenzymes: * They are made up of proteins. * The diversity of enzymes is provided by this part. * It knows the substrate, which an enzyme acts.

  5. COMPLEX ENZYMES: Coenzyme : They are made up of organic molecules. Ex : Vitamins Cofactors: They are made up of ınorganic molecules. Ex: Minerals *Apoenzymes can work only with one coenzyme or cofactor.

  6. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES:

  7. SPECIFICITY:Enzymes are specific and work with only one single type of substrate.

  8. 2) REVERSIBILITY :The same enzyme works for the forward and reverse of the reactıon. Except digestive enzymes.

  9. 3) NAMING :Enzymes are named accordıng to the molecules on whıch they act, or accordıng to the type of reaction that they catalyze.

  10. 4) THE EXACT POINT OF EFFECT : The enzymes show their effect on the surface of the subtrate. So this means that the wider the surface area of the substrate, the greater the rate of the reactıon.

  11. 5) SPEED : Enzymes speed up the reactions.They speed up the reactıons by decreasing the activation energy.

  12. 6) WORK IN TEAMS :The enzymes work as teams. The product of one reactıon catalyzed by an enzyme can be the substrate for another enzyme.

  13. 7) PLACE OF SYNTHESIS: The apoenzyme part of the enzymes is synthesized in the ribosomes just like every protein. If the gene is responsible for the synthesis of one specific enzyme is destroyed, than the cell won’t be able to conduct that reaction and this situation can even be lead to the death of the cell.

  14. QUESTIONS: LET’ ANSWER THEM

  15. 1)True or false: (……….) Enzymes quicken the reactions (……….) Apoenzymes are proteins. (……….) All enzymes are reversibl. (……….) Coenzymes are minerals. (……….) Apoenzymes know the substrate. (……….) Specifity is the not the property of enzymes (……….) The enzymes work as teams.

  16. 2) The best description of an enzyme is that ; • Becomes hydrolyzed during chemical synthesis • Becomes dehydrated during chemical synthesis C) Speeds up the rate of chemical reactions D) Serves as an inorganic catalyst E) Starts biochemical

  17. 3)What is the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme? • Coenzymes are proteins; cofactors are not • Coenzymes are not proteins; cofactors are protein in nature • Coenzymes are organic molecules; cofactors are generally inorganic • Coenzymes are organic molecules; cofactors are not • Coenzymes activate enzymes; cofactors activate coenzymes

  18. 4) Which statement about enzymes is wrong? • Some enzymes can function outside the organism • Digestive enzymes are reversibl. • Enzymes are used many times over and over again • An enzyme can affect only one kind of substrate • Enzymes are destroyed at high temperatures

  19. THANKS

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