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Cell Specialization in Humans and Plants: Understanding Biology's Tools

Explore the diverse world of specialized cells in humans and plants - from fat cells to stem cells - and understand how these cells work together in tissues, organs and organ systems to keep organisms healthy and alive. Discover the unique functions and structures of human and plant cells in this insightful chapter on cellular biology.

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Cell Specialization in Humans and Plants: Understanding Biology's Tools

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  1. The Different Jobs of Cells Chapter 2 Section 2

  2. Choosing the Right Tool • What tool would you use to saw a piece of wood? • The cells in us (a multi-celled organism) are specialized. • Different kinds of specialized cells work as a team to perform the life activities of a many-celled organism.

  3. Human Cells • Human cells come in a variety of shapes. • The shape and size of a cell can be related to its function.

  4. Types of Human Cells • Fat cells- stores so much fat that nucleus gets pushed against cell membrane. • Skin cells- mostly flat and close together; form a protective layer for your body • Bone cells- surrounded by hard substance made of calcium and phosphorus • Nerve cells- long; have many branches; allows cells to send and receive messages quickly • Muscle cells- long; have many fibers that can contract and relax

  5. Plant Cells • Plants have different types of cells in their leaves, roots, and stems. • Each type of cells has a different job.

  6. Types of Plant Cells • Stem cells- long and tube-shaped; move water through plant • Root cells- block shaped; do not contain chloroplast • Leaf cells- brick shaped; contain many chloroplasts

  7. Cell Organization • Cells are organized into systems that perform functions that keep the organism healthy and alive. • Tissues: Groups of similar cells that all do the same sort of work • Example: muscle tissue is made up of muscle cells. Bone tissue is made up of bone cells. • Organs: different types of tissues working together • Example: stomach is an organ with muscle and nerve tissue • Organ systems: group of organs working together to do a certain job • Example: stomach, mouth, liver, intestines are involved in digestion

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