RADIOLOGY REVIEW Andy Codding February 2002

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8. 8 Approximately what percent of energy is not released in the x-ray tube as x-rays?

9. 9 A dental x-ray machine that is set at more than 70 kVp is required to have a total filtration of at least how many min. of aluminum?

10. 10 If the temperature of processing solutions is slightly above normal, radiographs of desired density may be best obtained by:

11. 11 For x-ray timers calibrated in �impulses� how many impulses are there in one second?

12. 12 In taking dental radiographs, the greatest dose of radiation to structures in the patient�s jaw comes from?

13. 13 The purpose of filtering an x-ray beam is to?

14. 14 The time between exposure to x-rays and appearance of radiation damage is the?

15. 15 Ionization has occurred when?

16. 16 The energy of photons produced in an x-ray machine is dependent upon?

17. 17 Which of the following appears radiopaque in a radiograph??

18. 18 X-rays differ from light in that x-rays:

19. 19 Factors important in determining the shielding needed from an x-ray unit include all of the following EXCEPT:

20. 20 Using an �E� speed rather than a �D� speed film to produce radiographs requires:

21. 21 Which of the following position-indicating devices (cones) best minimizes the dose of radiation to the patient?

22. 22 Which of the following materials is most effective in stopping x-rays?

23. 23 The rays that are most apt to be absorbed by the skin are x-rays that are:

24. 24 Arrange the following cells and tissues from the most sensitive to least sensitive to ionizing radiation:

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26. 26 The speed at which electrons move across an x-ray tube is regulated by:

27. 27 Changing from 75 kVp to 90 kVp will:

28. 28 For radiation, �MPD� stands for:

29. 29 In a periapical radiograph, increasing the vertical angle when using the bisecting-angle technique will cause:

30. 30 Which of the following allows for greater penetration of x-rays?

31. 31 If each processed panoramic film appears lighter than the one before�. which of the following corrections should be made?

32. 32 In developing radiographs, the fixer acts to:

33. 33 Which of the following structures appear radiolucent on a radiograph?

34. 34 Which of the following anatomic structures is usually NOT demonstrated on intraoral, periapical radiographs?

35. 35 Protection from excessive exposure to radiation is aided by use of aluminum filters and a lead diaphragm. The filters reduce the amount of soft radiation reaching the patient�s face and the diaphragm controls the area exposed.

36. 36 The frequency with which dental radiographic examinations should be performed is:

37. 37 If a satisfactory radiograph were produced using a target-film distance of 8 inches and an exposure time of 1/2 second, what is the correct exposure time for a target-film distance of 16 inches?

38. 38 Which of the following describes a radiographic film that has many graduations of gray from totally white to totally black?

39. 39 An increase in which of the following factors allows for a reduction in exposure time (a) kVp (b) distance (c) film speed

40. 40 All of the following descriptions are characteristics of electromagnetic radiation except one. Which one is the exception?

41. 41 All of the following descriptions are characteristic of x-ray energy except one. Which one is the exception?

42. 42 Which of the following accurately describes the anode electrode?

43. 43 The step down transformer is responsible for all of the following activities except one. Which one is the exception?

44. 44 What is bremsstrahlung radiation?

45. 45 All of the following statements are correct regarding intraoral film except one. Which one is the exception?

46. 46 Fluorescent light and x-rays produce the latent image on intraoral radiographs. The visible image on an extraoral film is the result of chemical processing of the exposed film.

47. 47 Which of the following is the most common method of altering film density

48. 48 In this picture, which object lies toward the buccal?

49. 49 Collimation of the x-ray beam produces all of the following outcomes except one. Which one is the exception?

50. 50 The step-down transformer is labeled:

51. 51 Which of the following PID�s will reduce scatter radiation most effectively?

52. 52 Which of the following phrases does not accurately describe x-ray beam filtration?

53. 53 All of the following phrases are consistent with the paralleling technique except one. Which one is the exception?

54. 54 From the list below, select the factor that would best achieve the anatomic accuracy of an image

55. 55 All of the following phrases are descriptive of Compton scattering except which one?

56. 56 All of the following accurately describes the indirect effects of x-radiation except which one?

57. 57 Which of the following cells or tissues are not highly sensitive to the effects of radiation?

58. 58 Which of the following is consistent with the dose equivalent?

59. 59 Which one of the following quality assurance procedures is not accurately described?

60. 60 To correct the technical error of overlapping it is necessary to:

61. 61 All of the following descriptions indicate backward placement of an Intraoral film packet except which one?

62. 62 Which of the following does not cause a high density radiograph

63. 63 Panoramic ghost images display certain radiographic features. Which of the following features is not characteristic of ghost images?

64. 64 Which guidelines does not aid in the production of a diagnostic panoramic radiograph

65. 65 Select the landmark that is radiopaque and recorded on posterior periapicals

66. 66 Compared with intraoral radiographs, all of the following landmarks are found only on panoramic radiographs except which one?

67. 67 All of the following selections describe the benefits of radiographs in periodontal disease assessment except which one?

68. 68 Which of the following descriptions is not consistent with the normal radiographic presentation of periodontal structures?

69. 69 All of the following radiographic observations are consistent with early perio disease except which one?

70. 70 How does the periapical cyst differ from the periapical granuloma?

71. 71 What two things cause scatter?

72. 72 A large radiolucency at the apex of the maxillary second premolar would most likely be:

73. 73 With extraoral radiographs one should use both an intensifying screen and a screen film to reduce:

74. 74 What is most likely the first thing we would see radiographically that would indicate a perio condition?

75. 75 The oil in the dental x-ray machine is for

76. 76 A 25 year old hygienist is taking a lot of radiographs. What is the maximum allowable dose that she can have in Rems?

77. 77 What is the error here?

78. 78 Particulate and electromagnetic radiations with sufficient energy to remove orbital electrons from atoms are termed:

79. 79 Which of the following is affected by changing the mA on the dental x-ray unit?

80. 80 Which of the following best describes the anode?

81. 81 Federal regulations limit the size of the intraoral x-ray beam at the clients chin to:

82. 82 The patients earrings should be removed prior to exposure of a Pan. Which of the following is the patient allowed to wear?

83. 83 A radiograph produced by the movement of an electron from an outer shell to a vacancy in an inner shell is referred to as:

84. 84 Which of the following cannot be determined about a clients periodontal health from a FMS?

85. 85 With all other technique factors remaining constant, an increase in film speed will:

86. 86 Which of the following is the most likely reason that a RDH recently removed an 8� PID and replaced it with a 16� PID prior to exposing patient radiographs?

87. 87 Which of the following indicates radiation absorbed dose?

88. 88 The light and x-ray sensitive component of the film is the:

89. 89 The step-up transformer is labeled:

90. 90 The neck of the condyle is labeled:

91. 91 The fixing process removes the:

92. 92 The coronoid notch is labeled:

93. 93 The developing solution contains all BUT WHICH of the following chemicals:

94. 94 The anode is labeled:

95. 95 Reticulation is a word that describes:

96. 96 The tungsten filament is labeled:

97. 97 The lateral jaw projection is used to examine the:

98. 98 The external oblique ridge is labeled:

99. 99 All but which of the following can be caused by exposure errors?

100. 100 What error shown on this molar bitewing film is the most serious error?

101. 101 The cathode is labeled:

102. 102 All but which of the following can cause a light image on a finished film?

103. 103 White spots on a finished film are usually caused by:

104. 104 The condyle is labeled:

105. 105 Dark spots on the finished film are usually caused by:

106. 106 All but which of the following can cause a complete absence of an image on the film?

107. 107 The coronoid process is labeled:

108. 108 Brownish-yellow appearance of a finished film can be caused by:

109. 109 Foreshortening is caused by:

110. 110 Which of the following occurs when the film is placed backwards in the film holder?

111. 111 The dark specks on a finished film represent the ___________ portions of the film emulsion crystals.

112. 112 The purpose of the ___________ foil inside the film packet is to protect the film against __________________.

113. 113 The base material of x-ray film is made of: