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Searching for Disease Information in PubMed: Building Searches with MeSH

Searching for Disease Information in PubMed: Building Searches with MeSH. PubMed for Trainers, Spring 2014 U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) and NLM Training Center. Objectives :. Build a PubMed search using the MeSH Database.

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Searching for Disease Information in PubMed: Building Searches with MeSH

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  1. Searching for Disease Information in PubMed:Building Searches with MeSH PubMed for Trainers, Spring 2014 U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) and NLM Training Center

  2. Objectives: • Build a PubMed search using the MeSH Database. • Recognize and identify how NLM indexers assign terms to MEDLINE records, with a focus on disease and treatment terms. • Apply indexing rules to improve your search technique. • Create searches by “free-floating” subheadings. • Enhance your search by using subject populations terms. • Locate, and when appropriate, search using the AIDS and Cancer subject subsets. PubMed for Trainers

  3. Building a Search in the MeSH Database PubMed for Trainers

  4. Building a Search in the MeSH Database (cont.) PubMed for Trainers

  5. Building a Search in the MeSH Database (cont.) PubMed for Trainers

  6. Building a Search in the MeSH Database (cont.) PubMed for Trainers

  7. Exercise • Use the MeSH Database and the PubMed search builder to find articles discussing multiple sclerosis as the main focus of the article. • Narrow your results to those citations also discussing sarcoidosis. PubMed for Trainers

  8. MEDLINE Indexing: From the Indexer’s point-of-view PubMed for Trainers

  9. Indexing: Specificity Indexers use the hierarchy to find the most specific MeSH heading. Example: Chronic hepatitis B • Hepatitis B, Chronic (not Liver diseases or Hepatitis or Hepatitis B) Search tip: Use the most specific term appropriate for searching. PubMed for Trainers

  10. Indexing: Depth of Indexing • For most research articles, every concept substantively discussed should be covered by at least one MeSH heading • Negative results (i.e. supporting the null hypothesis) are indexed if discussed • For articles discussing many subjects, general headings (but as specific as possible) may be used to group related concepts rather than indexing them individually PubMed for Trainers

  11. Indexing: Rule of Three If more than 3 related concepts are discussed in an article, the more general MeSH heading under which they are all treed is usually indexed.   • The specific headings may be indexed, but not as major topics. Example: Article discusses infections by Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, peptostreptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci indexed with BACTERIAL INFECTIONS PubMed for Trainers

  12. Required (if applicable) Headings • Some headings are considered for every article (“check tags”) • Include: • Species (including Humans) • Sex • Age groups (for humans) • Also historical time periods and pregnancy • Usually are indexed even if merely mentioned, unlike other MeSH headings PubMed for Trainers

  13. Required (if applicable) Headings Search tip: Use terms for species, sex and age in your search if appropriate. PubMed for Trainers

  14. Indexing: When a Concept isn’t Found If an exact heading does not exist, indexers use the most specific heading available. Example: Ashi points in acupuncture • Acupuncture points PubMed for Trainers

  15. Exercise • How would an article about preventing heart diseases in women be indexed for MEDLINE? PubMed for Trainers

  16. Indexing: Coordination • Because most concepts cannot be adequately described with a single MeSH term: • indexers use a combination of the appropriate: • MeSH headings, • subheadings, • and other terms • to index a concept as specifically as possible. • This is called coordination. PubMed for Trainers

  17. Indexing: Coordination We will discuss four types of coordination: • Subheading • Multiple headings • Multiple subheadings • Pre-coordinated headings PubMed for Trainers

  18. Indexing: Coordination (Using Subheadings) • Coordination can be done using a subheading to describe a specific aspect of a topic. Example: Radiographic imaging of a lung tumor. • Lung Neoplasms/radiography PubMed for Trainers

  19. Indexing: Coordination (Using Multiple Headings) • Coordination can be done using two or more headings. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary • Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous • Ovarian Neoplasms PubMed for Trainers

  20. Indexing: Coordination (Using Two or More Subheadings) • Coordination can be done using two or more subheadings. • /drug therapy on a disease term • /therapeutic use on a drug term Example: Treatment of HIV infections with HIV protease inhibitors. • HIV Infections/drug therapy • HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use PubMed for Trainers

  21. Exercise: Coordinated Indexing • Use the MeSH Database and the PubMed search builder to find article discussing prostate cancer as the main focus of the article. • Narrow your results to those involving treatment by leuprolide. PubMed for Trainers

  22. Indexing: Coordination (Using Two or More Subheadings) • /secondary on the site to which a cancer has metastasized • /secondary on the histologic/tissue type term • /pathology on the primary/original organ neoplasm term Example: • Liver Neoplasms/secondary metastasized site • Adenocarcinoma/secondary tissue type • Colonic Neoplasms/pathology primary/original site PubMed for Trainers

  23. Indexing: Coordination (Using a Pre-coordinated Heading) • Coordination can be done using a "pre-coordinated" MeSH heading which combines two concepts into one. Example: Staphylococcal pneumonia • Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Rather than: • Pneumonia (or Pneumonia, Bacterial) • Staphylococcal Infections PubMed for Trainers

  24. Exercise: Coordinated Indexing • What MeSH term(s) would indexers use to describe osteoarthritis of the knee? PubMed for Trainers

  25. “Free-Floating” Subheadings • It may be useful to search a subheading unattached to a Heading. • Examples from homework: • breast neoplasms[mh] AND trends[sh] • hypertension [majr] AND toxicity [sh] • [sh] allows you to search the subheading attached to any MeSHheading PubMed for Trainers

  26. Useful Vocabulary to Describe Study Populations PubMed for Trainers

  27. Persons Category • Abortion Applicants • Adult Children • Age Groups + • Alcoholics • Athletes • Caregivers • Child, Abandoned • Child, Exceptional + • Child of Impaired Parents • Child, Orphaned • Child, Unwanted • Consultants • Crime Victims + • Criminals • Disabled Persons + • Drug Users • Emigrants and Immigrants • Famous Persons • Friends • Homebound Persons • Homeless Persons + • Jehovah's Witnesses • Legal Guardians + • Medically Uninsured • Men + • Mentors • Minors • Multiple Birth Offspring + • Occupational Groups + • Parents + • Patients + • Population Groups + • Prisoners • Refugees • Research Personnel + • Research Subjects • Sexual Partners • Siblings • Single Person • Spouses • Students + • Survivors + • Terminally Ill • Tissue Donors + • Transients and Migrants • Veterans • Visitors to Patients • Voluntary Workers + • Vulnerable Populations • Women + PubMed for Trainers

  28. Age Groups • Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over • Frail Elderly • Middle Aged • Young Adult • Child • Child, Preschool • Infant • Infant, Newborn + PubMed for Trainers

  29. Population Groups • Continental Population Groups • African Continental Ancestry Group + • American Native Continental Ancestry Group + • Asian Continental Ancestry Group + • European Continental Ancestry Group • Oceanic Ancestry Group • Ethnic Groups • African Americans • Arabs • Asian Americans • Gypsies • Hispanic Americans + • Inuits • Jews PubMed for Trainers

  30. Exercise: Study Populations • Use the MeSH Database and PubMed to find ways to encourage elderly black Americans to follow treatment programs for type 2 diabetes. PubMed for Trainers

  31. AIDS and Cancer Subsets • Subsets are on Filters sidebar but also searchable with tags • Strategies can be found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pubmed_subsets.html (use PubMed Help) • aids [sb] developed from AIDSLINE work • cancer [sb] developed with the National Cancer Institute • All strategies reviewed at least annually PubMed for Trainers

  32. Summary • Find and combine terms for your PubMed search using the MeSH Database. • Identify subheadings to describe specific aspects of the topic of interest for better results. • Restrict your search to MeSH major topic for higher relevancy. • Find the most specific term available to describe topics of an article. Indexers use the most specific term, you should too. • Search terms for species, sex, age, historical time period and pregnancy when applicable. These terms are added by indexers. Consider using these for searching. PubMed for Trainers

  33. Summary • Coordinate multiple headings to describe complex topics. For example: • disease/drug therapy and drug/therapeutic use • Try “free-floating” a subheading to search for the subheading applied to any heading. • Enhance your search by using subject populations terms. • Locate, and when appropriate, search using the AIDS and Cancer subject subsets. PubMed for Trainers

  34. Questions? PubMed for Trainers

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