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Chapter One

Chapter One. Chemistry and Measurement. What Is Chemistry?. The study of the composition, structure, properties of matter and energy, and the changes that matter undergoes. What Is Matter?. Energy is the ability to do work. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One Chemistry and Measurement

  2. What Is Chemistry? The study of the composition, structure, properties of matter and energy, and the changes that matter undergoes

  3. What Is Matter? Energy is the ability to do work Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass What Is Energy?

  4. Matter: Physical State andChemical Constitution Physical State: as gas, liquid, solid slide 6 Chemical Constitution as an element, mixture or compound

  5. two or more elements mixed • without chemical interaction • two or more elements • chemically combined Compound Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Chemical Constitution of Matter Element cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances. The smallest unit of an element is the atom The smallest unit of a compound is themolecule

  6. Elements Compounds Each substance has its unique composition and properties. Chemical Constitution of Matter Pure Substances

  7. melting point, freezing point, density, etc.) No change in neither structure nor properties A chemical reaction: change in structure and the properties Ex 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter Physical properties Chemical Properties

  8. Ex 2: A chemical reaction: change in structure and the properties

  9. Measurable Properties of Matter • Intensive Properties: • Independent of the amount of the substance that is present. • Density, boiling point, color, etc. • Extensive Properties: • Dependent upon the amount of the substance present. • Mass, length, volume, temperature, etc.

  10. Molecular representation of a solid

  11. Molecular representation of a liquid

  12. Molecular representation of a gas Back to slide 4

  13. Elements: sulfur, arsenic, iodine, magnesium, bismuth, mercuryPhoto courtesy of American Color. Back to slide 5

  14. A mixture of potassium dichromate and iron fillingsPhoto courtesy of James Scherer.

  15. Separation of Mixtures

  16. magnet separates the iron filling from the mixturePhoto courtesy of James Scherer.

  17. Filtration Separates solid substances from liquids and solutions.

  18. Separation by distillation Back to slide 5

  19. Back to slide 5

  20. Chromatography: Separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent.

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