Compact Continuously Variable Valve Lift 紧凑型连续可变气门升 程技术 (CVVL)

1. Compact Continuously Variable Valve Lift紧凑型连续可变气门升程技术(CVVL)

2. Delphi Compact CVVL 德尔福紧凑型CVVLWhy CVVL 为什么选择连续可变升程 • Rising fuel prices and environmental awareness creating greater demand for fuel efficient vehicles • 油价的上涨、环保意识的提高增加了人们对燃油经济型高的车辆的需求 • Government CAFE and CO2 regulations require OEM’s to consider new technologies that improve fuel economy while maintaining vehicle performance • 政府要求整车厂在保持车辆性能不变的情况下提高燃油经济型并降低排放 • Several OEM’s have successfully introduced continuously variable valve lift systems • 以下几家整车厂已成功地采用了连续可变气门升程技术 • BMW – Valvetronic electro mechanical CVVL • Toyota – Valvematic electro mechanical CVVL • Nissan – VVEL electro mechanical CVVL • FIAT – MultiAir electro hydraulic CVVL

3. Delphi Compact CVVL 德尔福紧凑型CVVLWhy CVVL 为什么选择连续可变升程 • Fuel economy benefit 提高燃油经济性 • Operating at higher manifold pressures (open throttle) to reduce pumping work • Early Intake Valve Closing to further reduce pumping work • Reduced valve train drive torque at low valve lift • Improved thermal efficiency due to lower temperature combustion and reduced heat transfer • Low speed torque 低速扭矩提高8% • Up to 8% improvement • Reduced emissions 降低排放 • Up to 60% reduction in NOx – CVVL with 60° cam phaser 减少60%Nox – CVVL + 600凸轮相位器 • Up to 10% reduction in HC Low speed torque 低扭局时减少10%HC

4. Delphi Compact CVVLExperience 近二十年丰富的经验 • Delphi has been developing continuously variable valve lift mechanisms since 1996. • SSCR • Single Shaft Crank Rocker • 1999-2000 • Tested on firing engine dyno • Developed EMS and demonstration vehicle • Fuel economy, low speed torque and emission benefits examined • LPVT • Laboratory Programmable Valvetrain • 1996-2004 • Study various VVA load control strategies • define VVA system requirements • Study VVA cold-start strategies • VLC • Valve Load Control • 2000-2001 • Built and tested 6 cylinder heads • Exploratory dyno program verified fuel economy and emission potentials • Valtec • 2002-2003 • Built a hand cranking device for single cylinder control • Better inherent phasing characteristics • CVVL • Continuously Variable Valve Lift • 2006-2009 • Built single and multi cylinder fixtures • Improved friction, durability, and high speed dynamics

5. Delphi Compact Continuously Variable Valve LiftDesign Overview 具有低成本易应用等优越性 • CVVL offers greatest combination of valve event flexibility, cost, and ease of application • CVVL design is focused on low cost and compact packaging while meeting fuel economy driven target lift profiles

6. Delphi Compact Continuously Variable Valve LiftDesign Overview 设计概述 • Compact CVVL uses cam driven, shaft mounted oscillating input follower per cylinder Input Follower Cam

7. Delphi Compact Continuously Variable Valve LiftDesign Overview 设计概述 • Input follower drives oscillating output follower through pallet interface Input Follower Pallet Output Follower

8. Delphi Compact Continuously Variable Valve LiftDesign Overview 设计概述 • Output follower oscillation operates 2 valves through conventional hydraulically lashed roller finger followers Output Follower Roller Finger Follower Hydraulic Lash Adjuster

9. Delphi Compact Continuously Variable Valve LiftDesign 成本低、设计简单、可靠性高 Simple Design Reliable Low Cost Delphi Philosophy • Compact CVVL mechanism fully contained on single shaft assembly with drive gear

10. Delphi Compact Continuously Variable Valve LiftDevelopment Hardware Durability 耐久性强 ORC PALLET SURFACE • Successfully completed limited durability testing • 200 hour test • Speed – 600 – 6600 eRPM • Lift full above 4800 eRPM • 1.0 – 10.5 mm 600 – 4800 eRPM • Oil temp 90° C • No destructive wear or performance degradation noted on any critical surfaces [ORC pallet shown as example]

11. Licensing Considerations 技术转让注意事项 • Competency Requirements of Target Licensee or Target’s Supplier Base : • Heat treatment knowledge and practice: roller bearing surfaces and eccentric shaft • Surface finishing (grinding): roller bearing surfaces eccentric shaft • Line Machining/ Boring: support centers, input follower and output rocker cam. • Metallurgical Analysis of ferrous and non-ferrous metals • Tribology, fatigue and critical dimension measurement of small parts • End of line testing for electromechanical assembly • Servo motor for sector gear assumed part of finished assembly • Critical to ensure FTQ • May not be competency with cylinder head manufacturers

12. Licensing : Technical Support 技术支持 • Software: • Algorithms for eccentric shaft motor control • Calibration development • Test stand / engine dynamometer control architecture • DFMEA and PFMEA development • Confirm what has been established and asses what needs to be completed prior to the any deal • Engine Application Criteria • Establish application guidelines. • Not all engines will be suitable for applications of CCVL ex: engine displacement, configuration (“V” versus “Inline”), rpm profile, diesel • Engine testing and validation program • Consultation in this area will be expected