Cement, Concrete & Glass

1. Cement, Concrete & Glass Key words; cement, concrete, glass

2. Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson I can: • • Describe how cement is made and what is used to make it • •Describe how glass is made. • Identify that Limestone and its products have many uses, including slaked lime, mortar, cement, concrete and glass. • • Evaluate the developments in using limestone, cement, concrete and glass as building materials, and their advantages and disadvantages over other materials.

3. starter Cement Cement is made by strongly heating a mixture of limestone & clay before turning it into powder. Opaque, Hard. If you were to draw up a table to explain the differences in these substances, what headings would you use? Concrete Concrete is made by mixing cement with sand, stones or crushed rock (gravel) & water. This can be poured into moulds or spread out before it sets to produce different shapes. It can be reinforced by pouring it around steel. Opaque, Hard Glass Glass can be made by from limestone, sand and sodium carbonate (Soda). Transparent, translucent, brittle, hard, semi-solid Mortar Mortar made with cement & sand is stronger & sets faster than lime mortar. It sets under water or in rain.

4. Aim: To make concrete of different strengths Equipment ???? Method ????? In your groups decide on 3 strengths of concrete to make and then be tested using weights when dry. You will need to predict which will be stronger and why and explain how you plan on testing the strength Making concrete

5. THINK: about life without limestone products Which product would you miss the most. Why? PAIR: Your thoughts with your partner SHARE: Share your thoughts with the class…

6. Lime mortar can set underwater The roman method for making underwater mortar was used in the seventeenth century Portland cement is a mixture. Recent developments in glass are allowing building innovations. Concrete is poor at resisting forces. TRUE or FALSE starter FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE

7. Aim: To test the strength of a concrete mixture Method Place two stools 5 cm apart and place your first beam over the gap between them (see picture overslide). a) Using a piece of strong string, hang a 100 g mass holder from the beam. b) The diagram below gives some idea of how the set-up should look. c) The mass holder should be close to the floor and if possible have some newspapers under it so that when it drops it does not damage the floor!

8. Gradually add 100 g masses at a time to the mass holder until the beam snaps. • Make up a results table and record your results in the table. Remember 100 g is equivalent to a 1N force! • Repeat 1–5 with the other moulds.

9. Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson I can: • • Describe how cement is made and what is used to make it • •Describe how glass is made. • Identify that Limestone and its products have many uses, including slaked lime, mortar, cement, concrete and glass. • • Evaluate the developments in using limestone, cement, concrete and glass as building materials, and their advantages and disadvantages over other materials.