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Arc Hydro and Modeling

Arc Hydro and Modeling. Intrinsic Modeling – within a particular application eg Excel, ArcGIS Dynamic Linked Library – tightly coupled package of functions (e.g. LibHydro from HEC) Independent Modeling – separate hydrologic model with data exchange . Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography

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Arc Hydro and Modeling

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  1. Arc Hydro and Modeling • Intrinsic Modeling – within a particular application eg Excel, ArcGIS • Dynamic Linked Library – tightly coupled package of functions (e.g. LibHydro from HEC) • Independent Modeling – separate hydrologic model with data exchange

  2. Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital Orthophotos Thematic Layers supporting the Arc Hydro data model (from Michael Zeiler “Modeling Our World” Volume 2)

  3. Data Model Based on Behavior Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

  4. Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

  5. Intrinsic Hydrologic Modeling • Dr Tarboton • DEM-based hydrologic modeling • USGS • Stream Stats • Mean annual flows and pollutant loads Streamstats http://ststdmamrl.er.usgs.gov/streamstats/expert.htm

  6. Dynamic Linked Library Can have Fortran subroutines in a DLL Muskingum flow routing

  7. Independent Hydrologic Model VB progam reads and writes text files

  8. Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models Excel ArcGIS Relational Database (Access) Visual Basic

  9. Water Resources Data Model ArcGIS Hydro Data Model ArcGIS GeoDatabase ArcGIS Development at DHI • Extend the ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

  10. DHI TimeSeries Package • TimeSeries Package Architecture

  11. Three basic water problems • Too little water (Drought and water supply) • Too much water (Flooding) • Its dirty (Water Quality) Also have significant GIS effort on environmental issues related to water such as habitat assessment

  12. 1996 Texas Drought • George W. Bush, (then Governor of Texas) asked: “Tell me how much water we have, how much water we’re using and how much water we need” • State water officials did not have adequate answers

  13. Texas Water Planning • 1997 Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 1 which provided for • State-wide geospatial data development (topography, hydrography, land use, soils and orthophotos) • Water planning in 14 regions rather than state-wide • Assessment of water availability for all water permits

  14. Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS) Hydrologic Unit Code = 12100203 Guadalupe Basin (4 HUC’s) • 2015 HUC’s cover continental US • average area ~ 1 county

  15. Stream Gauge (14) Water Diversion (440) Water Availability in the Guadalupe Basin Estimate water availability at each legally permitted water diversion point based on “naturalized” flow at stream gages and the effects of other permitted diversions

  16. Digital Elevation Model San Marcos basin National Elevation Dataset 30m x 30m cells 11,000,000 cells to cover San Marcos basin 70,000,000 cells to cover Guadalupe basin

  17. Drainage Area Delineated from the Digital Elevation Model Arc Hydro attribute DrainArea

  18. Ad Af Qd = Qf Estimating Naturalized Flow at Diversion Points Naturalized flow record at stream gage (50 years of monthly flows) Qf Af Qd Estimated flow record at diversion point Ad

  19. Length Downstream Flow distance (D to F) = Length Downstream (D) – Length Downstream (F) Length Downstream (F) F D D Seepage losses F Length Downstream (D) Arc Hydro attribute LengthDown

  20. Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) 50 year series of naturalized monthly flows at stream gages Hydrologic Modeling GIS data for each diversion point Water Availability Modeling Letter to each water permit owner specifying % of permitted flow available during a drought Completed for ~ 10,000 water permit holders, 1998-2002

  21. Water Availability Assessment (completed for ~ 10,000 permit holders, 1998-2001) Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission Hydrologic modeling by engineering consultants Letter to each water permit owner specifying % of permitted flow available during a drought Geospatial data development by Center for Research in Water Resources, Univ. of Texas

  22. Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics ArcView Input Data DEM ArcView Flood plain maps HEC-GeoHMS Hec-GeoRAS HEC-RAS Water surface profiles HEC-HMS Flood discharge

  23. Status of the Software • HEC-GeoHMS ver 1.0 available from HEC for ArcView version 3 http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/software_distrib/geo-hms4arcview/geohmsprogram.html • Arc Hydro terrain and watershed functions replace some but not all of HEC-GeoHMS • HEC-GeoRAS ver 1.0 http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/software_distrib/geo-ras4arcview/georasprogram.html • ESRI has developed a beta-version of GeoRAS for ArcGIS

  24. Austin Digital Elevation Model Waller Creek

  25. Austin Watersheds

  26. CRWR-PrePro (a precursor of HEC-GeoHMS) Digital Elevation Model Stream Map ArcView-based preprocessor for HEC-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) Control point locations Soil and Land Use Maps HMS Basin File

  27. DEM Watersheds for Austin

  28. Selected Watersheds and Streams Mansfield Dam Colorado River

  29. HMS Schematic Prepared with CRWR-PrePro Mansfield Dam Colorado River

  30. HMS Model of the Austin Region

  31. HMS Results Watershed 155 Junction 44

  32. Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics ArcView Input Data DEM ArcView Flood plain maps HEC-GeoHMS Hec-GeoRAS HEC-RAS Water surface profiles HEC-HMS Flood discharge

  33. Colorado River Network 1:100,000 scale Developed from National Hydrography Dataset

  34. City of Austin Stream Network Developed from 1”=100’ Capco Areal photogrammetry 1:1200 scale

  35. Stream Definition: Waller Creek Austin Watersheds with Streamsderived from Aerial Photographs Streamlines generated by the aerial photographs are not always continuous.

  36. Information for Correcting Stream Network • DEM • Contours • Storm sewers • Orthophotos

  37. Resulting Corrected Stream • Subsequent steps: • Verification of corrected streams by flood hydrologists. • Running “tracer” program to connect arcs. • Burning of streams into DEM.

  38. Waller Creek HMS Model

  39. Flood Plain Mapping

  40. Connecting HMS and RAS

  41. Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics ArcView Input Data DEM ArcView Flood plain maps HEC-GeoHMS Hec-GeoRAS HEC-RAS Water surface profiles HEC-HMS Flood discharge

  42. HEC-RAS: Background • River Analysis System model of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • Input = cross-section geometry and flow rates • Output = flood water elevations Cross-Section Schematic

  43. Waller Creek Watersheds Network Channel

  44. HEC-RAS: Cross-Section Description • Points describe channel and floodway geometry • Bank station locations • Water surface elevations and floodplain boundaries

  45. Discharge at a Particular Cross-Section

  46. HEC-RAS: Output Graphical Text File

  47. Floodplain Mapping: Plan View

  48. 3D Terrain Modeling: Ultimate Goal

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