1 / 9

Russian Reform and Revolution

Russian Reform and Revolution. (1830 to 1910) Notes: Chapter 16 Section 4. I.) Background of Times. By mid-1800’s Russia has largest amount of land and population of all European nations Problems: 1. lacked industry 2. landlocked (no port on Mediterranean Sea)

kipling
Download Presentation

Russian Reform and Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Russian Reform and Revolution (1830 to 1910) Notes: Chapter 16 Section 4

  2. I.) Background of Times • By mid-1800’s Russia has largest amount of land and population of all European nations • Problems: 1. lacked industry 2. landlocked (no port on Mediterranean Sea) 3. wide range of ethnic peoples - Belorussians (west) - Ukranians (south) - Great Russians (north/central) –Slavic background--

  3. West begins to influence Russia 1. liberal ideas pressure Czar (name given to Russian leader) 2. ruled as an autocrat (one who holds absolute power) • Domestic Policy: 1. censor speech/press 2. Russification: program by Czar Nicholas I for non-Russians to adopt language, religion, & customs • Foreign Policy: 1. Pan-Slavism= unite all Slavic people under Russian leadership 2. Expand into Asia & toward Ottoman Empire

  4. II.) Reforms under Czar Alexander II • In 1855 Alexander II becomes czar of Russia • Reforms: 1. Emancipation Edict: 1861 all serfs living in Russia are free Result: cheap source of labor for factories 2. 1864 law created a new system for local govt. Result:Zemstvos= councils at provincial & county levels 3. Reformed the courts, limited powers of secret police, gave press greater freedom, reorganized military

  5. Radical groups 1. Nihilists= 1860’s group of middle class & intellectuals revolutionaries 2. Populists= 1870’s group of revolutionaries 3. People’s Will= radical group who carried out terrorism Outcome: - cause Czar Alexander II becomes conservative; - killed by terrorist bomb in 1881

  6. III.) Czar Alexander III & Czar Nicholas II • In 1881 Alexander III becomes Czar • Halts all reforms in Russia: - strict censorship - secret police - oppressed nationalist groups - Pogroms= organized violence against Jews • In 1894 Nicholas II becomes Czar - Remains autocratic - Higher taxes & foreign investments lead to rapid industrialization Example: Trans-Siberian Railway= worlds largest continuing railroad (1891-1904)

  7. IV.) Political Unrest Leads to Revolution • Growth of industry creates working class w/ low standard of living and little or no political power Outcome: - creates large gap between rich and poor - Russian Marxists lead by Karl Marx believe industrial workers can overthrow the czar * Bolsheviks and Mensheviks * Bolsheviks lead by Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov)

  8. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • 1. Japan vs. Russia for control of • Manchuria & Korea • 2. Russia defeated = proves govt. • was weak and corrupt • Bloody Sunday (Jan. 22, 1905) 1. 200,000 protestors march w/ petition of rights for workers for Czar Nicholas II to sign 2. Military fires upon crowd killing between 500-1,000 3. Provokes waves of strikes & violence around the country……… “Revolution of 1905” • Oct. 1905 the Duma– Russia’s first parliament is created as a results of the revolts • Czar is NOT overthrown……………….......…

  9. YET!

More Related