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Comprehensive Guide to Respiratory System Terminology

Explore the organs, structures, and terminology of the respiratory system. Understand the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, organs like the lungs and bronchioles, and diagnostic procedures such as radiography and pulmonary function tests.

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Comprehensive Guide to Respiratory System Terminology

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  1. Chapter 5 Respiratory System

  2. OBJECTIVES • Identify the organs and other structures of the respiratory system • Define and spell the word parts • Build and analyze medical terms using word parts

  3. OBJECTIVES (cont’d) • Define, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms for the respiratory system • Interpret the meanings of the abbreviations • Read medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in them

  4. Respiratory System Function • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells. The process is called respiration. • External respiration (breathing): Oxygen passes from lungs to blood (capillaries) and carbon dioxide passes from capillaries back into lungs to be expelled. • Internal respiration: The body cells take on oxygen from the blood and give back carbon dioxide, which is transported back to the lungs.

  5. Organs of the Respiratory System

  6. Structures of the Nasal Passages and Throat

  7. Respiratory System • nose: lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air • pharynx (throat): serves as a food and air passageway • adenoid: lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity • tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

  8. Respiratory System (cont’d) • larynx (voice box): location of the vocal cords • epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and keeps food from entering the larynx • trachea: passageway for air to the bronchi

  9. Respiratory System (cont’d) • bronchus: one of twobranches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree). • bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree • alveolus: air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries

  10. Bronchioles and Alveoli

  11. Respiratory System (cont’d) • lungs: 2 sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity (right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes) • pleura: Serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity • diaphragm: Muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in breathing • mediastinum: Space between the lungs

  12. adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/i, bronch/o diaphragmat/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o nas/o, rhin/o pharyng/o pleur/o pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o pulmon/o Combining Forms for the Respiratory System

  13. Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d) • sept/o • sinus/o • thorac/o • tonsill/o • trache/o

  14. atel/o capn/o hem/o, hemat/o muc/o orth/o ox/o, ox/i py/o spir/o Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms

  15. Prefixes • a-, an- • endo- • eu- • pan- • poly-

  16. -algia -ar, -ary -cele -centesis -eal -ectasis -emia -gram -graphy -graph -meter -metry -oxia -pexy -phonia -pnea Suffixes

  17. -rrhagia -scope -scopic -scopy -spasm -stenosis -stomy -thorax -tomy Suffixes (cont’d)

  18. Word Parts Meaning Breathing, Oxygen, and Chest Appear as Combining Forms and Suffixes MeaningCombining FormSuffix breathing spir/o -pnea chest thorac/o -thorax oxygen ox/o, ox/i -oxia

  19. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts • adenoiditis • atelectasis • bronchogenic carcinoma • hemothorax • pansinusitis • pneumonitis • pneumothorax • rhinorrhagia

  20. Atelectasis Showing Collapsed Alveoli

  21. (air) / cv / (chest)

  22. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts • adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) • asthma • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • coccidioidomycosis (valley fever or cocci) • emphysema • obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) • pulmonary embolism • tuberculosis (TB)

  23. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts • bronchoplasty • laryngocentesis • lobectomy • pleuropexy • pneumobronchotomy • thoracocentesis or thoracentesis • thoracotomy • tracheostomy

  24. (chest) / cv / (surgical puncture to remove fluid)

  25. Types of Diagnostic Procedures • radiography: x-ray images of internal organs using ionizing radiation • nuclear medicine: scans using radioactive material to determine the functional capacity of an organ • ultrasound: sonograms, or echograms, using high-frequency sound waves to create an image of body organs

  26. Types of Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d) • computed tomography (CT scans): computerized images of body organs in slices, horizontally • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans): gives information about the body’s biochemistry by placing the patient in a magnetic field

  27. Types of Diagnostic Procedures(cont’d) • endoscopy: endoscopes, which are lighted, flexible instruments, are used for visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity • laboratory: diagnostic procedures performed on specimens such as blood, tissue, sputum, and urine • pulmonary function tests: diagnostic tests performed to determine lung function

  28. capnometer endoscope endoscopic endoscopy laryngoscopy thoracoscope thoracoscopy oximeter polysomnography spirometer spirometry Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

  29. Pulse Oximetry

  30. Spirometer

  31. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts • Diagnostic imaging • chest CT (computed tomography) scan • chest x-ray • ventilation-perfusion scanning • Laboratory procedure • acid-bacilli (AFB) smear

  32. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • Pulmonary function • arterial blood gases (ABGs) • pulmonary function tests (PFTs) • pulse oximetry • Other • PPD skin test

  33. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts • acapnia • anoxia • aphonia • apnea • bronchospasm • diaphragmatic • dysphonia • dyspnea

  34. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • eupnea • hypercapnia • hypocapnia • hypoxemia • hypoxia • laryngeal • nasopharyngeal • rhinorrhea

  35. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts • airway • asphyxia • aspirate • bronchoconstrictor • bronchodilator • hyperventilation • hypoventilation • mucopurulent

  36. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • nebulizer • nosocomial infection • patent • sputum • ventilator

  37. ABGs AFB ARDS CF COPD CT CXR CO2 LLL LTB LUL O2 OSA PCP Abbreviations

  38. PE PFTs PSG RLL RUL TB URI VPS Abbreviations (cont’d)

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