Family Life

1. Family Life

2. Purposes of Dating • Socialization: • To develop appropriate social skills • To practice getting along with others in different settings • Recreation: • To have fun and enjoy the companionship of others • To try new and different activities • Mate Selection: • To see others in many different settings • To compare the personality and characteristics of many people

3. Before Marriage Similar culture and religion Common interests Similar goals Support for yourselves Where will you live Similar attitudes about children Get along with others families

4. Marriage #1 Problem in a marriage – Money 4 Most important qualities in a marriage – Love Trust Respect Communication (*the most important one)

5. Why Teens Marry Leave home life Sex Gain social status Raise family Think they are in love Deepen commitment Independence

6. Why Teen Marriages Fail Not emotionally mature Difficult to live alone Greater financial burden

7. Ending a Marriage Separation – when spouses agree to live apart while they work out their differences Divorce – legal ending to a marriage Annulment – church says the wedding never occurred

8. Things To ConsiderBefore Having Children • Financial status • Career plans • Education • Health / medical condition • Available free time

9. Problems Associated WithTeen Pregnancy • Increased health risk for mother and baby • Low birth weight • Increase in child abuse • Drop out of school

10. Family Structures • Nuclear – mom, dad and children • Adoption – legal process by which children become part of the family • Extended – other family members • Blended – step-parents, step-siblings, half-siblings

11. Single Parent – either mom or dad plus children • Foster – receive parental care without being related • Orphanage – place where unwanted children live together • Ward-of-state – placed under custody of the courts

12. Family Responsibilities • Food, clothing, shelter • Care for when sick • Discipline • Education

13. Pregnancy Signs and Symptoms • Delay/Difference in Menstruation: • A delayed or missed menstruation is the most common pregnancy symptom leading a woman to test for pregnancy. When you become pregnant, your next period should be missed. Many women can bleed while they are pregnant, but typically the bleeding will be shorter or lighter than a normal period. • Swollen/Tender Breasts: • Swollen or tender breasts is a pregnancy symptom which may begin as early as 1-2 weeks after conception. Women may notice changes in their breasts; they may be tender to the touch, sore, or swollen.

14. Backaches: • Lower backaches may be a symptom that occurs early in pregnancy; however, it is common to experience a dull backache throughout an entire pregnancy. • Headaches: • The sudden rise of hormones in your body can cause you to have headaches early in pregnancy.

15. Frequent Urination: • Around 6-8 weeks after conception, you may find yourself making a few extra trips to the bathroom. • Food Cravings: • While you may not have a strong desire to eat pickles and ice cream, many women will feel cravings for certain foods when they are pregnant. This can last throughout your entire pregnancy.

16. Fatigue/Tiredness: • Feeling fatigued or more tired is a pregnancy symptom which can also start as early as the first week after conception. • Nausea/Morning Sickness: • This well-known pregnancy symptom will often show up between 2-8 weeks after conception. Some women are fortunate to not deal with morning sickness at all, while others will feel nauseous throughout most of their pregnancy.

17. Prenatal Care • Medical care during pregnancy • Tests that may be done: • Ultrasound – provides a “picture” of the developing fetus using sound waves • Chorionic Villus Sampling – removes a small piece of the developing placenta to test for birth defects • Amniocentesis – removes a small amount of amniotic fluid to test for birth defects

18. First Month: Called an embryo Heart beat at 25 days Second Month: Becomes a fetus Has arms and legs Stomach, liver, brain forming Third Month: Weigh 1 ounce and be 3 inches in length Facial features forming Trimesters – First Trimester

19. Fourth Month: 6 ounces, 8-10 inches May begin to feel movement Fifth Month: 1 lb, 12 inches long Hear the heartbeat Feel movement Baby responds to sound Sixth Month: 1 ½ lbs, 14 inches long Sucking his/her thumb Can cry Can determine gender Second Trimester

20. Seventh Month: 2 ½ lbs, 15 inches Kicking and stretching May see movement Eighth Month: 4 lbs, 16 inches Moves to head down position Ninth Month: 6 lbs, 19 inches Gain ½ pound per week Baby should be born around 40 weeks Third Trimester

21. Heredity • Chromosome – carries information about the characteristics you inherit • DNA – chemical substance found in chromosomes • Gene – section of a chromosome that determines a trait (May be dominant or recessive)

22. Recessive Genetic Disorders • Sickle-Cell Disease – disorder of the red blood cells • Tay-Sachs Disease – lack of an important chemical in the brain • PKU – metabolic disorder that causes mental retardation • Cystic Fibrosis – thick mucous lines the lungs

23. Sex-Linked Disorders • Color Blindness • Muscular Dystrophy • Hemophilia – blood does not clot properly

24. Chromosome Disorders • Down Syndrome – result of an extra chromosome 21 • Tri-some 13 – result of an extra chromosome 13

25. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome a condition in which a fetus has been adversely affected mentally and physically by its mother’s alcohol use during pregnancy. Leading cause of preventable birth defects in the US Effects on the child: Low birth weight Impaired speech Slow growth Facial abnormalities Mental retardation Poor attention span Hyperactivity Effects of Alcohol on Pregnancy

26. Effects of Drugs on Pregnancy • About 2 to 3% of all birth defects result from the use of drugs other than alcohol. • They can act directly on the fetus, causing damage, abnormal development (leading to birth defects), or death. • They can alter the function of the placenta, usually by causing blood vessels to narrow (constrict) and thus reducing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus from the mother. Sometimes the result is a baby that is underweight and underdeveloped. • They can cause the muscles of the uterus to contract forcefully, indirectly injuring the fetus by reducing its blood supply or triggering preterm labor and delivery.

27. Effects of Tobacco on Pregnancy • Parents who smoke contribute to the deaths of over 6,000 children each year • Effects on fetus: • Small fetal growth • Increased chance of spontaneous abortion • Prenatal death • Increased stillbirths • Birth defects of the heart, brain and face • Growth and developmental problems in childhood

28. Labor • The act of pushing the baby through the birth canal using contractions of the uterus. • Stages: • Stage 1: Cervix dilates, amniotic sac breaks, cervix becomes softer • Stage 2: Delivery of the baby • Stage 3: Delivery of the afterbirth including the placenta

29. Birthing Options • Natural Childbirth • Lamaze • Childbirth education classes focusing on breathing and relaxation techniques • Bradley • Classes focus on how to handle pain and work with your body • Water Birth • HypnoBirthing • Uses guided imagery and special breathing to form a sort of self-hypnosis

30. Surgical Procedures • Cesarean Section • This surgical procedure allows your baby to be born through a small incision made just above the pubic bone.