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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Section 1. Physical Properties. 1. Physical Properties. Scientists used the term physical property to describe a characteristic of matter that you can detect with your senses.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Section 1

  2. Physical Properties 1 Physical Properties • Scientists used the term physical property to describe a characteristic of matter that you can detect with your senses. • A physical propertyis any characteristic of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the material.

  3. Physical Properties 1 Common Physical Properties • You probably are familiar with some physical properties, such as color, shape, smell, and taste. • You might not be as familiar with others, such as, mass, volume, and density.

  4. Physical Properties 1 Common Physical Properties • Mass (m) is the amount of matter in an object. A golf ball has more mass than a table-tennis ball. • Volume (V) is the amount of space that matter takes up. A swimming pool holds a larger volume of water than a paper cup does.

  5. Physical Properties 1 Common Physical Properties • Density (D) is the amount of mass in a given volume. A gold ball is more dense than a table-tennis ball. Density is determined by finding the mass of a sample of matter and dividing this mass by the volume of the sample.

  6. Physical Properties 1 Density • Bowling balls appear to be the same size, shape, and color, but do they all have the same mass? • If you picked up these bowling balls, you would discover that their masses differ. • The densities of the bowling balls are different because their masses are different.

  7. Physical Properties 1 Identifying Unknown Substances • In some cases, density also can be used to identify unknown compounds and elements. • The element silver, for example, has a density of 10.5 g/cm3 at 20°C. • You can find the ring's density by dividing the mass of the ring by its volume.

  8. Physical Properties 1 State of Matter • State of matter is another physical property. • The state of mattertells you whether a sample of matter is a solid, liquid, or a gas. • This property depends on the temperature and pressure of the matter. Click here for movie.

  9. Physical Properties 1 Size-Dependant and Size-Independent Properties • Some physical properties change when the size of an object changes. These properties are called size-dependant properties. • For example, a wooden block might have a volume of 30cm3. A larger block might have a volume of 60cm3. The volume of the block changes when the size of the block changes.

  10. Physical Properties 1 Size-Dependant and Size-Independent Properties • Some physical properties do not change when an object changes size. Density is an example of a size-independent property.

  11. Physical Properties 1 Physical Properties of Acids and Bases • The strength of an acid or base can be determined by finding the pH of the sample. • The pH scale has a range of 0 to 14.

  12. Physical Properties 1 Physical Properties of Acids and Bases • Acids have a pH below 7. • Bases have a pH above 7.

  13. Physical Properties 1 Physical Properties of Acids and Bases • A sample with a pH of exactly 7 is neutral— neither acidic nor basic.

  14. Physical Properties 1 Properties of Acids • Some acids, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid, are dangerous. • But some acids are edible. • Carbonated soft drinks contain acids.

  15. Physical Properties 1 Properties of Acids • Every time you eat a citrus fruit such as an orange or a grapefruit, you eat citric and ascorbic (uh SOR bihk) acids.

  16. Physical Properties 1 Properties of Acids • The sharp smell of a freshly sliced lemon comes from the citric acid in the fruit. • Take a big bite out of the fruit and you will immediately notice a sour taste. • If you then rubbed your molars back and forth, your teeth would squeak. • All of these physical properties are common in acids.

  17. Physical Properties 1 Physical Properties of Bases • A familiar example of a base is soap. • Soap has a slippery feel. • You shouldn't taste soap, but if you accidentally did, you'd notice a bitter taste. • A bitter taste and a slippery feel are physical properties of bases.

  18. Section Check 1 Question 1 A tennis ball and a billiard ball may be the same size, but they will definitely not have the same _______. A. density B. parity C. viscosity D. wattage

  19. Section Check 1 Answer The answer is A. The billiard ball is much denser than the tennis ball.

  20. Section Check 1 Question 2 Density is equivalent to mass divided by _______. Answer The answer is volume. The formula for determining density is D = m/V.

  21. Section Check 1 Question 3 An example of a size-independent property is _______. A. density B. mass C. volume D. width

  22. Section Check 1 Answer The answer is A. Other physical properties are shown in this table.

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