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RNA and Transcription

RNA and Transcription. The Central Dogma. States : Genetic information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. . replication. transcription. Includes 3 processes:. Replication Transcription Translation. translation. RNA is the link between DNA and proteins.

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RNA and Transcription

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  1. RNA and Transcription

  2. The Central Dogma • States:Genetic information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. replication transcription • Includes 3 processes: • Replication • Transcription • Translation translation • RNA is the link between DNA and proteins.

  3. Ribonucleic Acid • Single nucleotide strand • Sugar: Ribose • 4 Bases: • A: Adenine • G: Guanine • C: Cytosine • U: Uracil • U replaces T • Three Types of RNA

  4. Messenger RNA • AKA: mRNA • Function: Copies a section of the DNA code and moves to a ribosome • Link between DNA and proteins • Allows ribosome to create a protein • Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome

  5. Transfer RNA Amino acid Proline Amino acid Serine • AKA: tRNA • Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome • Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein • Location: Cytoplasm

  6. Ribosomal RNA • AKA: rRNA • Function: components of ribosomes • Location: Cytoplasm

  7. U| Defined: Process of making mRNA from a sequence of DNA Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA nucelotides Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA Reminder: U replaces T Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces Step 4: mRNA processing takes place Unused portions (introns) are removed and the used portions (exons) bond together Step 5: Final mRNA strand travels to ribosome Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again G| Transcription G| C| A| A| G| U| C| A| U| U| C|

  8. Step 5 & 6: mRNA travels to ribosome and DNA reconnects Step 2: Free floating mRNA nucleotides match up Step 4: mRNA Processing (exons bond together) Step 1: RNA polymerase splits the DNA Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces RNA polymerase

  9. Transcription Animation flash animation

  10. Transcription Video

  11. # of strands: Two (Double) Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: A T C G Location: Nucleus DNA & RNA Comparison DNA vs. RNA • # of strands: One (Single) • Sugar: Ribose • Bases: A U C G • Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm Replicationvs. Transcription • Enzymes: RNA Polymerase • Base pairing rules: • A=U, G=C • Copies: a gene • Many copies and types of RNA are made • Location: Nucleus • Enzymes: DNA Helicase and DNA Polymerase • Base pairing rules: • A=T, G=C • Copies: DNA • Only one copy of DNA is made • Location: Nucleus

  12. Review • Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. • Which RNA: • is found inside the nucleus? • transports amino acids to the ribosome? • exits the nucleus to the ribosome? • copies the DNA code? • makes up the structure of ribosomes? • Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created. T A C C G T A C A A T G GG A T C

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