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Disclosures

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Disclosures

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    1. Disclosures Grant support National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, EY 14483 No commercial support

    2. Prevalence of Decreased Visual Acuity in Preschool-Aged Children in an American Urban Population Michael X. Repka, MD Professor of Ophthalmology Professor of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland

    3. Research Group David S. Friedman, MD, MPH, PhD Michael X. Repka, MD Joanne Katz, ScD Lydia Giordano, OD Josephine Ibironke, OD Patricia Hawes, MS, COMT, CRA Diane Burkom, MA James M. Tielsch, PhD

    4. BPEDS Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study

    5. BPEDS – Purpose of the Study To determine the extent and types of eye disease in the white and African-American populations of Baltimore, Maryland By extrapolation determine these data for the US population

    6. BPEDS - Methods Age range - 6 months to 71 months Examine every child in the selected census areas Comprehensive eye exam

    7. US Population US Population Estimates 9/2008 age 6 to 71 months (about 44 million) about 20 million white boys and girls about 4.1 million black boys and girls

    8. BPEDS – Study Data Collected Visual acuity As presenting to the exam Best corrected Refractive Error Presence of eye problems Strabismus (eye misalignment) Amblyopia (reduced vision in one or both eyes) Usually caused by refractive error or strabismus Other eye conditions such as cataract and glaucoma

    9. Prevalence of Decreased Visual Acuity Affects the quality of life for many years Treatment for many eye conditions is best when identified early Assist planning care for this population Provision of necessary care to children Targeted health care expenditures / programs Develop specific screening programs

    10. BPEDS Definition of Decreased Vision Visual acuity worse than 20/50 in children 30 – 47 months of age Visual acuity worse than 20/40 in those 48 – 71 months of age

    11. Children 2546 children enrolled in the project 1607 white 1990 black 338 other Able to participate in this portion 577 white 725 black 26 (1.7%) presented with spectacles

    12. Visual Acuity Testability 30 to <48 months of age = 67.2% 48 to 71 months of age = 97.2%

    13. Decreased Presenting Vision in Better Eye Can add another one of best same day.Can add another one of best same day.

    14. Decreased Vision in Better Eye Presenting 1.2% W, 1.8% AA Same Day 0.5% W, 1.6% AA* Tested with refractive error correction Best Measured 0.5% W, 1.1% AA Includes a retest on another day

    15. Decreased Vision in One Eye After all testing and with appropriate eye glasses correction 3.7% of whites 5.3% of blacks

    16. Causes of Reduced Vision 50% from uncorrected refractive error After correction Amblyopia – second most common Albinism No cause found – likely testability

    17. Subgroups Age No association with visual impairment Gender < 48 months 6 girls (1.7%) versus 1 boy (0.3%) (P<0.05) 48 – 71 months no difference

    18. BPEDS Visual Acuity Outcome In preschool children Decreased vision in the better eye is uncommon. Uncorrected refractive error is the most common cause of decreased vision Decreased vision is not associated with age or race.

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