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Hygiene Strategies for Reducing Diarrheal Diseases in Children Worldwide

Diarrheal diseases caused an estimated 1.6 million deaths among children under 5 in developing countries in 2002, with malnutrition responsible for 54% of these deaths. The significant burden of diarrhea is characterized by over 1.6 million deaths annually in under-5s and almost 2 billion total cases each year, imposing high healthcare and household burden. Despite stagnant cases over three decades, interventions targeting feces disposal, handwashing, and water quality can reduce diarrheal diseases by up to 40%. Implementing hygiene practices such as point-of-use water treatment, safe storage, proper handwashing, and basic sanitation systems could result in substantial reductions in diarrheal disease prevalence globally.

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Hygiene Strategies for Reducing Diarrheal Diseases in Children Worldwide

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  1. Reducing Diarrheal Diseases through Hygiene Improvement

  2. Proportional Mortality Among Under FivesYear 2002 Worldwide Diarrheal disease caused an estimated 1.6 million deaths among children under the age of 5 in developing countries out of a total of 10.5 million deaths in 2002 Malnutrition 54% Source: WHO 2002

  3. The Problem Diarrhea is… • Serious: Over 1.6 million deaths in under 5s each year • Common: Almost 2 billion total cases per year • Costly: Health care and household burden The number of cases has not gone down in 30 years.

  4. Burden of disease due to selected risk factors World Health Report, 2002

  5. Fingers Water Quality Sanitation Fluids New Host Food Feces Flies Water Quantity Hand Washing Fields Reducing Exposure to Diarrhea Pathogens- The F-Diagram Source: Wagner and Lanois, 1958

  6. Feces Disposal can reduce diarrheal diseases by 30% or more.

  7. Hand washing can reduce diarrheal diseases by 40% or more.

  8. Improving Quality of Water at POU can reduce diarrheal diseases by 30%-40%.

  9. Why Hygiene? • POU water treatment – 30-40% reduction (twice as effective as interventions at water source) • Safe storage – at least 20% reduction • Proper hand washing – 40% or more reduction • Sanitation – 30% or more reduction with basic, low-cost systems

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