Unit 14

1. Unit 14 Leadership

2. Overview • Vocabulary: Describing character • Listening: Running a large company • Reading: Leadership qualities • Language review: Relative clauses • Skills: Leading a team • Case study: Orbit Records

3. Teaching objectives • 1. To enable Ss to talk about “leadership” • 2. To familiarize Ss with vocabulary related to “leadership” • 3. To make Ss grasp the ways of relative clauses • 4. To develop Ss’ listening and reading skills • 5. To improve Ss’ ability of leading a team • 6. To enhance Ss business writing techniques by writing a persuasive letter

4. Assignments 1.Work in small groups. Think of ideas for improving staff motivation and morale. Note down the reasons. 2. Meet as one group and discuss your ideas. Try to agree on the best ideas which should be put into effect.

5. Quotation • We all work together as a team. And that means you do everything I say. • Michael Caine (1933--), British film actor • Teamwork and consensus vs hierarchy and obedience

6. Quotation • It’s a very difficult job and the only way to get through it is we all work together as a team. And that means you do everything I say. Charlie Croker • The Italian Jobis a British caper film .

7. Startingup A. Discuss these questions. • What do you know about the leaders pictured above? • Which modern or historical leaders do you most admire? Why? • What makes a great leader? Write down a list of characteristics. Compare your list with other groups. • Are there differences between men and women as leaders? • Are people who were leaders at school more likely to be leaders later in life? • What makes a bad boss? Draw up a profile of factors. • What is the difference between a manager and a leader?

8. CarlyFiorina • born Cara Carleton Sneed on September 6, 1954 • American businesswoman, served as chief executive officer at Hewlett-Packard from 1999 to 2005 • In 1998, Fortune magazine named her the “most powerful woman in business” in their inaugural listing.

9. Nelson R. Mandela • Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, born 18 July 1918 in Transkei, South Africa • a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, held office from 1994–99. • served 27 years in prison for anti-apartheid activities • Mandela has received more than one hundred awards, most notably the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

10. an American businessmagnate, philanthropist, author, and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with PaulAllen. Bill Gates

11. Akio Morita Quotes • Curiosity is the key to creativity. • Don’t be afraid to make a mistake. But make sure you don't make the same mistake twice. • We will try to create conditions where persons could come together in a spirit of teamwork, and exercise to their heart's desire their technological capacity. • From a management standpoint, it is very important to know how to unleash people's inborn creativity. My concept is that anybody has creative ability, but very few people know how to use it. Japaneseelectronics industrialist, co-founder of SonyCorporation with his friend MasaruIbuka

13. John Lennon Quotes Englishrockmusician, singer, and songwriter who gained worldwide fame as one of the founding members of TheBeatles. • Life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans. • Reality leaves a lot to the imagination. • As usual, there is a great woman behind every idiot. • You don’t need anybody to tell you who you are or what you are. You are what you are!

14. the 35thPresident of the United States

15. John Kennedy Quotes • Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind. • A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. • Liberty without learning is always in peril, and learning without liberty is always in vain. • Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future. • A man does what he must — in spite of personal consequences, in spite of obstacles and dangers, and pressures — and that is the basis of all human morality.

16. the PrimeMinister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the ConservativeParty from 1975 to 1990

17. Margaret Thatcher Quotes • In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman. • It may be the cock that crows, but it is the hen that lays the eggs. • I love argument, I love debate. I don't expect anyone just to sit there and agree with me, that's not their job. • What is success? I think it is a mixture of having a flair for the thing that you are doing; knowing that it is not enough, that you have got to have hard work and a certain sense of purpose.

18. Leaders are not born into leadership. They can and do grow and develop! Leaders exist in all walks and at all levels in organisations. Some of today’s best known leaders were not born into great families destined for leadership positions: Richard Branson of Virgin, BillGates of Microsoft and MargaretThatcher, ex UKPrimeMinister, grew into their roles. They have all faced challenges, change, ups and downs, and have persisted to develop and create their own particular brand of leadership. They all have certain qualities in common but, equally, they are very different people.

19. Nature of Leadership “Leaders are made, they are not born. They are made by hard effort, which is the price which all of us must pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile.” Vince Lombardi

20. Key Skills and Competences of A Perfect Leader

21. Leader or Manager？ Are all managers leaders? The single fact of being put in charge of others does not immediately confer leadership status. Organizations need both managers and leaders—sometimes they are one and the same. However, many managers will never make the grades as leader many leaders are hopeless managers. Both leaders and managers have their role to play in business life today but the two roles are not one and the same.

22. Leader or Manager？ The significant difference between a leader and a manager is that: • A manager will be appointed to a position and has the possibility of developing leadership skills and of being recognised as a leader, whereas … • A leader is recognised by the people around them as someone who provides leadership for them in a particular situation whatever the individual’s official role. • A leader provides the vision and the direction to a business; a manager follows the leader to deliver the results.

23. Vocabulary: Describing character A. & B. Which adjectives below describe positive aspects of someone’s character? Which describe negative aspects? Write + or – next to each one.

24. Vocabulary: Describing character

25. Vocabulary: Describing character C. Jack Welch is Chief Executive Officer of General Electric. In the extracts below he talks about leadership. Before you read what he says, try to predict which of the adjectives above describe his idea of a good leader. D. Read what Jack Welch thinks and check your answers. Do you agree with him?

26. Vocabulary: Describing character According to Jack Welch a leader should be passionate, driven, energetic, motivating, open, informal, straight, accessible and on the lunatic fringe. A leader shouldn’t be a moderate, balanced, thoughtful, careful articulator of policy.

27. Listening: Running a large company A. Discuss these questions. Imagine you are the leader of a large company. 1. What qualities do you need to run a large company effectively? 2. Which business leaders do you admire? Why? 3. What do business leaders actually do? 4. As a leader, how do you motivate your employees? 5. Do you think leaders are born or made?

28. Listening: Running a large company B. Listen to an interview with Majorie Scardino, Chief Executive of the media group Pearson plc. What answers does she give to the questions in Exercise A? make notes as you listen.

29. Listening: Running a large company • What qualities does she need to run a large company effectively? • Which business leaders does she admire? 3. What do business leaders actually do? Courage, imagination, empathy. Leaders who have great business ideas and see them through to fruition. They create business ideas and they see them through.

30. Listening: Running a large company 4. As a leader, how does she motivate her employees? 5. Does she think leaders are born or made? By making sure the company has a clear purpose, and by communicating everything that’s going on to the employees. Probably a bit of both, but mostly they’re made.

31. Listening: Running a large company C. Discuss these questions. • Do you agree with Marjorie Scardino’s ideas? • Would you like to work for her? Explain your reasons.

32. Reading: Leadership qualities A. Douglas Ivester is Chief Executive Officer of Coca-Cola. Before you read the article about him, discuss what qualities you expect him to have. B. Now read the article and complete the fact sheet.

33. Reading: Leadership qualities turn a company around (line 21): reverse a downward trend at a company so it becomes profitable again coaching (line32): training tutored (line 34): taught by a tutor troops (line 41): literally, collective word for soldiers, here employees conventional (line 46): traditional, standard

34. Reading: Leadership qualities Douglas Ivester Parents’ background/values: Factory workers, children of the depression, believed in saving, very religious, ambitions for their only son Present position: Chief executive officer of Coca-Cola Previous job: accountant Previous boss: Roberto Goizueta Personal qualities: Driven, hard-working, introvert, systematic, determined, straight

35. Reading: Leadership qualities Douglas Ivester Management style/beliefs: Big on discipline; encourages employees to set themselves difficult targets; anti-hierarchy; communicates freely at all levels, not in favour of conventional desk jobs; believes business planning should be a continual discussion not an annual ritual; believes in technology; believes in personal contact. Achievements at Coca-Cola: Helped change the company’s operations and capital structure to maximise shareholder value; helped turn Coca-Cola around and become a powerhouse; became CEO and chairman as planned.

36. Reading: Leadership qualities C. Answer these questions about the article. • The writer says that ‘Goizueta has recognised Ivester’s drive’. What does drive mean? How did Ivester show that he had this quality? Drive: energy, self-motivation,determination Ivester showed he had this quality as the hardest-working man (Goizurta) had ever met.

37. Reading: Leadership qualities 2. ‘They give A pluses, don’t they?’ Who is Ivester’s father referring to when he says they? 3. How did Ivester prepare for the position he now holds? Ivester’s teachers at school. He trained as an accountant, got media coaching, spent three years studying marketing, spent two years working constantly to provide essential support for previous CEO.

38. Reading: Leadership qualities 4.Explain the meaning of this sentence: ‘Dress the part’. Do you agree with this policy? 5. Why does Ivester want employees to think of themselves as ‘knowledge workers’? Always dress appropriately for work. So that, instead of thinking of their office as the place where they work, they will think of their office as the information they carry around with them which they can access anywhere with the support of technology.

39. Reading: Leadership qualities 6. Ivester believes that many American executives ‘are getting terribly isolated.’ What is Ivester doing to avoid becoming cut off from his staff? He communicates freely with people at all levels, conducts business planning as a continual discussion - sometimes via voice-mail – with his top executives and doesn’t spend all his time in the executive suite.

40. Reading: Leadership qualities D. Find words and phrases in the article which mean the following: 1. Someone who has greatly increased the company’s profits. champion wealth creator 2. A time of high unemployment and poverty. depression 3. A very successful, profitable company. powerhouse

41. Reading: Leadership qualities 4. Very determined to succeed. driven 5. Carefully, following a fixed plan. systematically 6. Organising people into different levels of importance. hierarchy 7. Something that happens regularly each year. annualritual 8. Get a feeling of satisfaction from doing something. thriveon

42. Reading: Leadership qualities E. Discuss these questions 1. What do you think Douglas Ivester’s main objectives should be as leader of Coca-Cola? To continue to transform the company in order to develop the full potential of the staff, increase sales and maximise profit growth. 2. What sort of problems do you think he has to deal with when running the company? Increased competition from outside, resistance to change from outside.

43. Languagereview: Relative clauses Defining clauses provide essential information about the subject or object of a sentence. Without this information the sentence often doesn’t make sense or has a different meaning. · defining clauses have no commas. · who or that are used for people. · which or that are used for things. · you can leave out the relative pronoun if the clause defines the object of the sentence.

44. Languagereview: Relative clauses Non-defining clauses provide extra information about the subject or object of a sentence. The sentence still makes sense without this information. · the extra information is contained between commas. · who is used for people. · which is used for things. · you cannot leave out the relative pronoun.

45. Skills:Leadinga team Useful language Stating goals Our main objective is to… Our aims will be to … Highlighting factors for success If we’re going to be successful, we need to act quickly. To succeed, we’ll have to take into account several factors. Indicating priorities Our first priority will be to contact our customers. It’s also essential that we brief our suppliers.

46. Skills:Leadinga team Useful language Defining roles and delegating I’d like you to prepare a report. Could you please liaise with Sales and Marketing? Motivating the team It’s a challenge, but it’s also an opportunity to develop the business. We’ll all benefit because new orders will follow. Reporting back I’d like you to keep me up-to-date by e-mail. I’d like to have your report by Tuesday. I suggest we set up another meeting in two weeks’ time.

47. Skills:Leadinga team A. Role play this situation. Take turns to be the team leader. Use expressions from the useful language box. You are senior managers at a computer graphics company. Your business has expanded rapidly: your workforce has doubled from 60 to 120 in two years. You urgently need to move from your small city-centre location to a new suburban development area with bigger offices. Hold a meeting to discuss what needs to be done, and by whom. For example: drawing up a schedule; predicting problems; liaising with the union; informing customers and suppliers; keeping staff informed; dealing with negative feelings; hiring a removal company. Then draw up an action plan to ensure that the move goes smoothly.

48. Skills:Leadinga team B. Work in small groups. Choose a planning activity related to your work or place of study. Decide who will lead your team, and what the other roles and tasks will be. Then role play the meeting.

49. Casestudy: Orbit Records Task • Work in small groups. Choose six ideas from the Chief Executive’s list which you think would be worth implementing. Note down the reasons for your choices. Then think of three other ideas, which are not on the list, for improving staff motivation and morale. • Meet as one group and discuss your ideas, giving reasons for your choices. • As one group, try to agree on the six best ideas which should be put into effect.

50. Leadership Style Quiz This is not a quiz regarding leadership style in the conventional sense but rather a test of your attitudes towards leadership - your results will be a measure of the alignment between your views of leadership and that advocated on this website. Leaderdirect