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Reporting Category I

Reporting Category I. Human Origins And Early Civilizations. Characteristics of Hunter Gatherer Societies. Hunter Gatherer societies lived during the OLD Stone Age ( PALEOLITHIC ERA) They were NOMADIC , migrating in search of FOOD and WATER . - Learned how to make and use FIRE .

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Reporting Category I

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  1. Reporting Category I Human Origins And Early Civilizations

  2. Characteristics of Hunter Gatherer Societies • Hunter Gatherer societies lived during the OLD Stone Age (PALEOLITHIC ERA) • They were NOMADIC, migrating in search of FOOD and WATER. - Learned how to make and use FIRE. • Created the first tools out of ROCK and BONE • Lived in small groups known as CLANS • Developed an ORAL language • Created “CAVE” art

  3. Neolithic Communities • PERMANENT societies (villages) developed in the NEOLITHIC Era (NEW Stone Age) • Developed AGRICULTURE (domesticated plants) • DOMESTICATED animals • Used ADVANCED tools • Made POTTERY • Developed WEAVING skills

  4. Archeological Discoveries lead to Knowledge • Archeologist study past cultures by looking at HUMAN remains, settlements, FOSSILS, and ARTIFACTS. • Use tests such as RADIO CARBON DATING • STONEHENGE, in England, was begun in the NEOLITHIC AGE, and finished in the BRONZE AGE • ALEPPO and JERICHO were early cities in the FERTILE CRESCENT • CATALHOYUK is an early city in Anatolia or ASIA MINOR

  5. Early Cities and Archeological Sites STONEHENGE ALEPPO JERICHO CATALHOYUK

  6. Development of Religious Traditions - POLYTHEISM was practiced by most early civilizations - Mesopotamia: Angry, Vengeful Gods - Egypt: Happy AFTERLIFE - Pyramids: Tombs for PHAROAHS - PHAROAHS: GOD KINGS - MONOTHEISM was practiced by the HEBREWS

  7. JUDAISM • ABRAHAM: 1st Covenant (PROMISE) with God From Mesopotamia Holy Land – Canaan – Promised by God • Moses: Led Hebrews out of EGYPT • JERUSALEM: Holy city of Hebrews • MONOTHEISTIC: Belief in one God • TORAH: Holy Book of Judaism • The moral and religious code of conduct for Judaism is the TEN COMMANDEMENTS

  8. Spread of Judaism • DIASPORA: The Jews were exiled (kicked out of) from Israel in 587 BCE by the Babylonians

  9. Early Forms of Writing CUNEIFORM ORACLE BONES HEIROGLYPHICS PHOENICIAN ALPHABET STAMPS & SEALS

  10. The Persian Empire • Practiced a policy of TOLERANCE towards conquered people: CYRUS • Developed IMPERIAL Bureaucracy • Constructed a Road System: The ROYAL Road • ZOROASTRIANISM – Religion of Persian Empire • - MONOTHEISTIC • - TWO opposing forces in the universe • Good vs. EVIL

  11. Early India • Physical Barriers such as the HIMALAYAS, the HINDU KUSH, and the INDIAN OCEAN made invasion difficult. • The INDUS and GANGES Rivers were the two most important rivers in the Indian Subcontinent • Mountain passes in the HINDU KUSH allowed for MIGRATION in the Indian Subcontinent (ARYANS) • Early Cities included MOHENJO-DARO and HARAPPA • - Planned Cities (GRID Systems) • - PLUMBING

  12. Early Indus River Valley Cities MOHENJO DARO HARAPPA

  13. India – Aryans, Mauryan Dynasty • ARYANS: Invaders that entered through the KHBYER PASS and settled in the Indus River Valley • CASTE SYSTEM: rigid social structure that influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations • MAURYAN Empire: ASOKA • Continued political Unification of India • Contributions • - Spread of BUDDHISM • - Free Hospitals • - Roads

  14. India – Gupta Dynasty • GOLDEN AGE of classical Indian Culture • HINDUISM • Contributions - Math (concept of Zero) - Medical Advances - Astronomy - New Textiles - Literature

  15. HINDUISM • Belief in many forms of one god • REINCARNATION: Rebirth based on Karma • KARMA: Belief that your thoughts and actions result in future consequences • Sacred writings of Hinduism are the VEDAS and the UPANISHADS • Spread along major trade routes

  16. Buddhism • Founder was Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) • FOUR NOBLE Truths • EIGHTFOLD Path • ASOKA’S missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to other countries in Asia

  17. Chinese Contributions • The SILK ROAD facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome • Contributions of Classical China • Civil Service System • Paper • Silk • Porcelain

  18. Classical Chinese Contributions PAPER SILK CIVIL SERVICE PORCELAIN

  19. Confucianism and Chinese Social Order • Belief that humans are GOOD, not Evil • Respect for ELDERS (Filial Piety) • Code of POLITENESS (still used today) • Emphasis on EDUCATION • ANCESTOR Worship • FIVE Relationships

  20. Taoism and Chinese Culture and Values • Belief in Humility • Simple Life and Inner Peace • Harmony with NATURE • YIN and YANG: Represent Opposing Forces in Nature • Symbol used in Taoism & Confucianism • Chinese forms of BUDDHISM spread throughout Asia

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