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Understanding the Immune Response: Nonspecific & Specific Resistance

Learn about the immune system's defense mechanisms, including physical and chemical barriers, phagocytes, inflammatory response, and lymphocytes. Discover how your body protects itself against pathogens and maintains overall health.

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Understanding the Immune Response: Nonspecific & Specific Resistance

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  1. Lesson 1 Continued

  2. The Immune Response • Nonspecific Resistance – Include both physical and chemical barriers. There are (4) of them!! • Physical Barriers – 1st line of defense includes your skin. Mucous membranes which is the soft skin-like linings of many parts of the body. It is found in your mouth, nose, and bronchial tubes. • Chemical Barriers – Enzymes in tears and saliva help destroy bacteria. Acidic digestive juices of the stomach are also chemical barriers. • Body Cells – Certain types of white blood cells called phagocytes travel through the blood to destroy pathogens.

  3. The Process of Phagocytes • When phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens, it is called PHAGOCYTOSIS. • The CHIEF type of phagocyte involved in the PHAGOCYTOSIS PROCESS are called Neutrophils.

  4. 4. Inflammatory Response – If pathogens happen to break through the body’s outermost barriers, your body goes into a RED ALERT stage known as the Inflammatory Response!!!! • Chemical mediators are released that cause the blood vessels to dilate and allow increased blood flow. This permits phagocytes to leave the blood and enter the body tissues. • The process continues until pathogens are destroyed. Once they are destroyed, tissues can be repaired. • Symptoms of this include – heat, redness and swelling, which result to an increased blood flow.

  5. The Immune Response • Specific Resistance – The general response of your nonspecific defenses are not always enough to protect your body from disease. • The adaptive immune system mounts specific attacks against particular types of pathogens. When this happens, another body defense goes into action – Lymphocytes.

  6. Lymphocytes • These are type of white blood cell that fights pathogens. They travel through your body along two networks of vessels. • Blood Vessels • Lymph Vessels – which are a part of your Lymphatic System. There are (2) main types of lymphocytes.

  7. Take out your book and turn to PAGE 626 and explain each: • B-Cells – • T-Cells – How does one care for their Immune Response?

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