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Plant Parts: Stems, Leaves, and Roots

Explore the various parts of a plant, including stems, leaves, and roots, their functions, types, and structures. Learn about buds, foliage, and root systems. Discover how to identify different types of leaves and understand the importance of each plant part in the growth process.

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Plant Parts: Stems, Leaves, and Roots

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  1. Plant Parts Chapter #3 Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002

  2. What are the parts of a plant? Node: swollen part of stem where buds form (leaves or stems grow here) Cotyledons: leaves formed at first node (cotyledonary node)

  3. What are the parts of a plant? Epicotyl: all of plant formed above cotyledonary node Internode: stem tissue between nodes

  4. What are the types of stems? 1) Woody Stem: trees, shrubs, woody perennials 2) Grass Stem: hollow or filled 3) Herbaceous Stem: like woody but softer (clover, alfalfa) 4) Modified Stem:

  5. Types of Modified Stems • Bulbs: (onion) • Tubers: (potato) • Stolons: above ground runner (strawberry) • Rhizomes: below ground runners (field bindweed or creeping jenny)

  6. What are the functions of stems? 1) transport water, nutrients, sugars 2) support leaves 3) store food

  7. What are buds? • special tissue on stems that can grow into new plant parts • buds are described according to:

  8. 1) structures into which they grow • -Vegetative: leaves or stems • -Floral: flowers • -Mixed: both • 2) where buds appear on stem • -Apical: tips of stems • -if floral = bush • -if vegetative = vine • -Axillary: where leaf joins stem • -Adventitious: near wounds • 3) How buds are arranged

  9. Bud Arrangements • Alternate (alfalfa) • Opposite (beans) • Whorled (not common)

  10. What is Apical Dominance? • apical bud tries to make plant grow taller or longer • if we remove apical bud, we remove the apical dominance

  11. What are leaves? • undergo photosynthesis, exchange gases

  12. What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • simple leaf = 2 parts (leaf blade and petiole)

  13. What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? • Compound leaf: leaf blade divided into leaflets

  14. What are the different types of compound leaves? • Palmately compound

  15. What are the different types of compound leaves? • Pinately compound

  16. What are the different types of compound leaves? • Trifoliate (alfalfa)

  17. What is the Hypocotyl? • part of the plant below the cotyledonary node

  18. What purpose does the hypocotyl serve? 1) anchor plant 2) absorb water & nutrients 3) store food

  19. What are the types of root systems? -Taproot: one main root, has no nodes • (carrot, evergreen, kochia) -Fibrous root: many nodes, branching root system (grasses)

  20. To help prevent soil erosion, which root system would be best? • Fibrous

  21. What are the parts of a grass plant? • Leaves = Sheath is the part of leaf that wraps around the stem • Joints = internodes • Culm = stems

  22. Grass Plant Parts • Tillers = branches, all branch from the base of the plant • Crown = union of roots and stem • Jointing stage = stems elongate rapidly

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