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The Rise and Fall of Ancient African Kingdoms

This chapter explores the rich history of ancient African kingdoms, emphasizing the development and influence of civilizations such as Kush, Aksum, and others. It delves into the timeline of major events, starting from 2000 B.C. with the emergence of Kush in present-day Sudan, through its cultural and military dynamics with Egypt, to the eventual rise of Aksum in present-day Ethiopia. The narrative covers the impact of trade, conquest, and various rulers who shaped these societies, highlighting their achievements and decline, including the ultimate destruction of Meroe and the rise of new powers.

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The Rise and Fall of Ancient African Kingdoms

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  1. Chapter 8 Africa

  2. Take out a sheet of paper. Draw a straight line one the left side. At the top of your paper write: Africa Timeline

  3. As empires took land in the Middle East and the Americas… Civilizations will also develop in Africa

  4. Through conquest and trade Africans built great kingdoms

  5. Egypt Kush Aksum Ethiopia Mali Songhay Ghana Asanti Kilwa Zulu

  6. Section 1 Ancient African Kingdoms

  7. Kush • Develops around 2000 B.C. • South of Egypt • Present day Sudan • Nomadic cattle herders on savanna (grassy plain)

  8. Previously in Egypt…. • 1786 B.C. - Hyksos invaded Egypt (Middle Kingdom) • 1539 B.C. - Ahmose I defeated Hyksos (New Kingdom) • Around 1500 B.C. – Thutmose III took control of Nubia

  9. Egypt controls Kush • Conquered Kush during New Kingdom • Controlled for 500 years • Egyptians influenced Kushites

  10. Nubia under Egypt’s control.. • Nubia was divided into two districts, Wawat and Kush, ruled by viceroy • 1160 B.C. - Egypt’s power declined (again) viceroys ruled as independent kings

  11. These kings (with Nubian soldiers) began conquering Egypt • Napata became capital

  12. Napata 900 B.C – 591 B.C

  13. Egypt’s influence on Kush • Amon-Re • Copper & bronze • Hieroglyphics • pyramids

  14. King Kashta • 750 B.C, • Set out to conquer Egypt • Son – Piankhi – conquered Egypt • Kush ruled Egypt for about 70 years

  15. 600 B.C.’s: Assyrians invaded Egypt and pushed Kushites back

  16. Kush & Assyria • Kushites learned smelting from Assyrians • Iron farming tools to increase production • Iron knives and spears to trade

  17. Products led to Kush becoming a trading country

  18. Meroe • Became Kushite capital in 540 B.C. • Located on Nile – trade and transportation • Built temple to worship Amon-Re

  19. Kushites began to lose power… A.D. 350 – Askumite armies burned Meroe to the ground!

  20. Aksum • Present day Ethiopia • Trading country • Middlemen for Mediterranean countries and Far East

  21. Emperor Ezana • Destroyed Meroe in A.D. 350 • Converted to Christianity in A.D. 324

  22. Aksum Achievements • Writing system • Terraces – raised levels of land • Minted gold coins • Stone monuments 60 ft. tall

  23. Decline of Aksum • Other kingdoms began to interfere with trade • Arab armies pushed Aksumites toward the interior (inland areas) • Lived more than 1,000 years

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