Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable

1. Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable ECBI

2. Background • Annex I took on Quantified Emission Limitation Reduction Commitments, while non-Annex I Parties in there national communications have undertaken mitigation programmesthat are not quantified . In the Bali Action Plan, the • The line has been upped for developing countries and you see it in the following paragraphs 1b(i) and 1b(ii)of the Bali Roadmap: “(b) Enhanced national/international action on mitigation of climate change, including,inter alia, consideration of:(i) Measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions, including quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives, by all developed country Parties, while ensuring the comparability of efforts among them, taking into account differences in their nationalcircumstances; ii) Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”

3. Background cont. • MRV is applied to mitigation in both developed and developing countries, but applied in the former to “commitments or actions”, including QELROs, and in the latter simply to “actions”. MRV in 1b(ii) also applies to the means of implementation. MRV is applied to mitigation in both developed and developing countries, but applied in the former to “commitments or actions”, including QELROs, and in the latter simply to “actions”. • MRV in 1b(ii) also applies to the means of implementation.MRV is applied to mitigation in both developed and developing countries, but applied in the former to “commitments or actions”, including QELROs, and in the latter simply to “actions”.MRVin 1b(ii) also applies to the means of implementation.

4. What are we Measuring, Reporting and Verifying? • Article 2 of the Convention • “..... Stabilisation of of GHG concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system......” • The IPCC AR4 – established what is needed to keep stabilization levels low and hence avoid the worst impacts of climate change. • for any stabilisation level,the assessments conclude there will have to be absolute emission reductions by Annex I and relative emission reductions for non-Annex I countries.

5. What are we Measuring, Reporting and Verifying?Cont... • For developing countries, the reductions required in the most ambitious IPCC scenario are a substantial deviation below baseline in several regions by 2020, • considering the less ambitiousstabilization levels (not forgetting the associated adverse impacts), then the numbers change,butthe pattern remains the same. Developed countries must reduce absolute emissions significantly and in absolute terms by 2020, and deeply by 2050. • For developing countries,onlyfor the 650 ppmv level can emissions follow the business-as-usual emission trajectories,andthen only in the medium-, not the long-term. In all other scenarios, developing countries as a group would be required to make relative reductions.

6. Queston to be addressed • Outcomes or decisions that give further content to paragraphs 1b(i) and 1b(ii) of decision 1/CP.13, the Bali Action Plan, include answers to the following: • How should measurable, reportable and verifiable mitigation commitments by all developed countries be made comparable? • What does measurable, reportable and verifiable mean in relation to technology, finance and capacity-building support by developed countries for developing countries? • What does measurable, reportable and verifiable mean in relation to nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing countries?

7. For now........ • Whether the deal in Copenhagen will agree to actual numbers what we as Africa and as developing countries want to see is ,a fair, equitable,effective, flexible and inclusive package deal will have to strike a core balance between development and climate imperatives