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Understanding Neurons: Action Potential and Membrane Dynamics

This resource provides an in-depth overview of neuron functionality, focusing on the components of a motor neuron, the role of sodium-potassium pumps, and the mechanisms behind action potential generation. It discusses the neuron at rest, the significance of voltage-gated channels during action potentials, and the impact of myelin sheath on signal transmission. Through illustrations and animations, this content enhances comprehension of how neurons communicate and the physiological changes they undergo during signaling events.

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Understanding Neurons: Action Potential and Membrane Dynamics

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  1. The Nervous System Part One Emily Buff, Delaney Sullivan, Brendan von Hofe, Sam Zimmerman

  2. Components of a Motor Neuron http://www.skooolnigeria.com/examcentre.aspx?id=270

  3. Transport Proteins and Channel Proteins At Rest: • Sodium-Potassium pumps that bring Potassium in and take Sodium out. During Action Potential: • Voltage-gated channels open up during a nerve impulse, allowing Sodium Ions to flood in, increasing the inside charge. (2)

  4. A Neuron at Rest • No signals sent or received • Sodium and Potassium • Sodium-Potassium pump always active (1&3) • arrangement of sodium and potassium create opposite net-charges • concentration gradient • Negative Charge inside of neuron

  5. A Look at the a Neuron at Rest http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch48/48_06bMembranePotentialB-L.jpg

  6. Action Potential Stimulus causes sodium voltage-gated channels to open Sodium floods into the cell This signal travels down the axon, reversing the charge as it goes (voltage reversal) To improve the polarity, potassium voltage-gated channels open This movement brings the charge back down to the resting potential.

  7. Action Potential cont. • Myelin Sheath (made up of lipids) (3) • Prevents electrical current from being released out of the neuron • Increases the speed of the action potential because does not allow this current to leave • Damaged or non-existent myelin sheath → Multiple Sclerosis.

  8. Action-Potential http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html http://scienceblogs.com/clock/wp-content/blogs.dir/458/files/2012/04/i-91bc1a5f2d248f09ffed13e377b9c940-ActionPotential.jpg

  9. Action Potential Analogy • During action potential the charge changes from negative to positive inside the neuron as it travels down the axon (2&3) → voltage reversal • Returns to resting-potential state as negative charges replace the positive charge • Resembles a wave

  10. References 1. "Animation: The Nerve Impulse." Animation: The Nerve Impulse. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. <http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter14/animation__the_nerve_impulse.html>. 2. "Neuroscience For Kids." - action potential. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. <http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap. 3. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. "Information Flow and the Neuron."Ecology and behavior [from] Biology, the unity and diversity of life, ninth edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2001. 574-579. Print.

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