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Chp. 5: Political Parties

Chp. 5: Political Parties. p. 000. The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by describing the organization, role, and constituencies of political parties; describing the nomination and election process; examining campaign funding and spending;

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Chp. 5: Political Parties

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  1. Chp. 5: Political Parties

  2. p. 000 The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by describing the organization, role, and constituencies of political parties; describing the nomination and election process; examining campaign funding and spending; examining different perspectives on the role of government Objectives

  3. Political parties are organized to win Elections. • At each level of government, candidates for elective office are chosen using a variety of nominating methods. • Candidates must appeal to an increasing number of independent voters to win elections. p. 000 Political parties are organized to win elections. At each level of government, candidates for elective office are chosen using a variety of nominating methods. Candidates must appeal to an increasing number of independent voters to win elections. Essential Understandings

  4. p. 000 How do political parties organize to win elections? How do political parties nominate candidates for national, state, and local offices? How do the major political parties select presidential candidates? Is there a common “profile” of the major candidates? Essential Questions

  5. Party Systems p. 037-39

  6. p. 037 • 1. political party– group of people who seek to control government through • the winning of elections and the holding of public office • 2. what do they do? • a. nominate candidatesfor public office • b. informthe people, andinspire/activate them to participate in public affairs • information is skewed to fit that party's needs • try to shape positions that will attract as many voters as possible • c. tries to ensure the good performance of its candidates and officeholders • d. govern • partisanship– the strong support of their party and its policy • e. act as watchdogs over the conduct of the public's business • party out of power scrutinizes every action of the party in power (control theexecutive branch) Functions

  7. p. 037 1. really a “no party” system; the party is the government; tolerates no opposition 2. authoritarian government 3. communist countries – Cuba, North Korea and China One Party System

  8. p. 037 1. a country with 3 or more major political parties a. parties are based on particular interests 2. no one major party can control the government a. form coalitions with other political parties to gain control b. coalitions often break down due to ideological differences 3. examples – France (5) and Italy (10) a. Italy has had a new government on average of once a year since World War II (61 times since 1945) Multi-Party System

  9. p. 039 • 1. all minor parties are called third parties • 2. the Framers originally opposed parties • 2. Why the US has the Two Party-System • a. tradition– the two party system just developed • b. electoral system– usually only one person can win • that usually means only two viable options • c. American ideological consensus • there is a broad consensus among most Americans on fundamental matters • the US is free of long-standing, bitter disputes • both major parties in the US are built on compromise and try to be moderate Two-Party System

  10. Two-Party System

  11. Minor Parties p. 039-041

  12. p. 039 1. ideological parties– based on a particular set of beliefs a. Examples – Socialist, Socialist Labor, Communist parties 2. single issue parties– concentrate on only one public policy matter a. Example – Right to Life Party 3. economic protest parties– no clear ideological base; proclaim their disgust with the major parties and demanded better times a. usually disappear as the nation climbs out of difficult economic periods 4. splinter parties– have split away from one of the major parties a. form around a strong personality who failed to win his major party’s nomination b. Examples – Bull Moose Party (Theodore Roosevelt split from Republican), Progressive Party (Henry Wallace from Democrat) Four Types of Minor Parties

  13. Theodore Roosevelt

  14. p. 039-41 A. the AntiMasons were the first party to use a national convention to nominate a president B. a strong third party candidate can play a spoiler role 1. even if the candidate does not win, he can pull votes away from one of the major parties a. Examples –Bull Moose party cost the Republicans the election of 1912, the Green Party cost the Democrats the election in 2000 C. important critics and innovators - willing to take clear-cut stands on issues the major parties won't touch – sometimes the major parties “steal” their popular ideas 1. Examples - women's suffrage; progressive income tax D. Obstacles 1. not popular 2. no money 3. difficult to get on the ballot Why Minor Parties are Important

  15. What are the two major political parties in the US? A: Democrat and Republican How many third parties can you list? • Constitution • Green • Libertarian • American • America First • American Independent • American Nazi • American Reform • Boston Tea • Christian Falangist Party • of America • 11. Communist • Democratic Socialist • Freedom Socialist/ Radical Women • The Greens • Independence • Independent American • 17. Labor • 18. Light • 19. Moderate • 20. National Socialist • 21. Natural Law • 22. New • 23. New Union • 24. Party of Socialism and • Liberation • Peace and Freedom • Prohibition • Reform • Socialist • Socialist Action • Socialist Equality • Socialist Labor • Socialist Workers • 33. U.S. Marijuana • 34. U.S. Pacifists • 35. Veteran’s Party of America • 36. Workers World • 37. American Patriot • 38. American Socialist • 39. Constitutionalist • 40. Libertarian National Socialist Green • 41. Multicapitalist • 42. Pansexual Peace • 43. Pot • Progressive Labor • Social Democrat USA • The Third • Worker’s Party USA • World Socialist Party of the USA

  16. Party Organization p. 041-43

  17. p. 041 A. neither major party has a chain of command that runs from the national through the State to the local level B. Role of the Presidency 1. the President’s party is usually more solidly united than the opposing party 2. the President is automatically his party’s leader 3. there is seldom one person the opposition party can call it’s leader (except for a presidential nominee every four years) C. The Impact of Federalism 1. because the government is decentralized, so are the major parties D. The Role of the Nominating Process 1. nominations are made within the party 2. the nominating process is a divisive one (candidates fight with one another for the nomination) Decentralized Nature of the Parties

  18. p. 041 A. National Convention 1. held only every four years 2. nominates the party’s presidential and vice-presidential candidates 3. adopts the party’s rules and the writing of its platform B. National Committee 1. in theory, supposed to handle the party’s affairs, but most of the work centers on staging the national convention every four years C. The National Chairperson 1. leader of the national committee a. chosen by the presidential nominee for the party 2. directs the work of the party’s headquarters in DC and works to strengthen the party D. The Congressional Campaign Committees 1. party committees in each house of congress 2. work to reelect incumbents and to make sure seats given up by retiring members remain in the party National Party Machinery

  19. DNC Chairman – Howard Dean RNC Chairman – Mike Duncan

  20. p. 043 A. State Organization 1. party machinery is built around a State central committee, headed by a State chairperson B. Local Organization 1. ward– unit into which cities are often dived for the election of city council members 2. precinct– smallest unit of election administration State and Local Party Machinery Brian Moran – Chair of the VA Democratic Committee Pat Mullins– Chair of the VA Republican Committee

  21. p. 043 1. voters are not willing to identify themselves as Republicans or Democrats 2. increase in split-ticket voting - vote for candidates of different parties for different offices in the same election 3. structural changes have made parties more "open", but have also led to internal conflict 4. changes in the technology for campaigning for office have made candidates much less dependent on party organization 5. growth and impact of single-issue organizations a. do not have to support all the candidate's views Future of Political Parties

  22. The Old Political Spectrum Democrats Republicans Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary 1. Radical (far left) – government should be very active* in implementing changes 2. Liberal (left) – government should be somewhat active* in implementing changes 3. Moderate (Middle) a. sometimes wants change, sometimes doesn’t b. decides on an issue to issue basis 4. Conservative (right) – somewhat resistant of government intervention on issues 5. Reactionary (far right) – disapproves of government intervention at almost every level

  23. p. 043 Nazis The New Political Spectrum Communists Constitution Republican Democrat Libertarian Green

  24. p. 043 Nazis The New Political Spectrum Communists Constitution Republican Democrat Libertarian Green

  25. p. 42

  26. The Two Major Political Parties in the US

  27. The Two Major Political Parties in the US

  28. The Two Major Political Parties in the US

  29. Third Parties in the US p. 045

  30. p. 045 1. places a high importance on environmental goals 2. offer “meaningful work with dignity” to all members of the community 3. reject discrimination based on distinctions between class, gender, ethnicity, or culture 4. shift of power from a representative government to the lowest governmental organization and have a direct democracy 5. 2004 election – finished third David Cobb (even though Ralph Nader seems to be their “spokesperson” 6. 2008 candidate – Cynthia McKinney (D) – congresswoman from Georgia (finished 6th in 2008) Green Party

  31. p. 045 1. all individuals are the absolute owners of their own lives and should be free to do whatever they wish to their selves and property, provided they allow others to do the same 2. reduction of the government’s role in the economy – eventual elimination of taxes 3. privatization of Social Security and welfare 4. reduced regulation of business 5. unrestricted right to the means of self-defense 6. pro-drug legalizations, pro-choice, pro-gay marriage 7. 2004 election – finished fourth (Michael Badnarik) 8. 2008 candidate – Bob Barr (finished 4th in 2008) Libertarian Party

  32. p. 045 1. favors a noninterventionist foreign policy 2. eventual elimination of the role the United States plays in multinational and international organizations 3. abolishing most forms of federal taxation, especially the income tax a. views most current regular federal expenditures, such as those for health care, education, and welfare, as unconstitutional 4. opposes illegal immigration and also seeks a more restrictive policy on legal immigration 5. pro-life and thus opposes euthanasia and abortion, but supports the death penalty 6. 2004 election – finished fifth (Howard Philips) 7. 2008 candidate – Chuck Baldwin (finished 5th in 2008) Constitution Party

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