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Understanding Single Replacement Reactions and Predicting Products in Chemistry

In this lesson, students will learn to predict the products of single replacement reactions utilizing the activity series. This concept, rooted in oxidation and reduction processes, illustrates how certain metals can displace others in reactions. By examining examples like the reaction between AgNO3 and Cu, students will uncover how oxidation states change and gain insight into why some reactions occur spontaneously while others require additional energy. Engage in practice problems to reinforce these concepts and prepare for assessments on chemical reactions.

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Understanding Single Replacement Reactions and Predicting Products in Chemistry

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  1. ChemistryUnit 7 – The Mole Lesson 10 – Predicting Products Part II – Single Replacement Book Section: 11.2 Objective: SWBAT predict the products of single replacement reactions using the activity series. Agenda: HW Review, Lesson, HW

  2. Oxidation and Reduction • Single replacement reactions are driven by oxidation and reduction. • Oxidation is the loss of electrons • Reduction is the gain of electrons

  3. Oxidation-Reduction • Example: • AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag • Silver on left: +1 Silver on right: 0 • Copper on left: 0 Copper on right: +2 • Silver is reduced from +1 to 0 • Copper is oxidized from 0 to +2 • Single replacement reactions are also known as redox reactions as a result.

  4. Predicting Single Replacement • So, this reaction happens: • AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag

  5. Predicting Single Replacement • So, this reaction happens: • AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag • What about the reverse reaction? • Cu(NO3)2 + Ag  AgNO3 + Cu

  6. Predicting Single Replacement • So, this reaction happens: • AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag • What about the reverse reaction? • Cu(NO3)2 + Ag  AgNO3 + Cu • Hopefully logic would tell you that the reverse reaction is not spontaneous. • We would have to force it to happen using electricity. • So, how do we know which redox reactions will happen and which ones won’t?

  7. Activity Series • This chart tells you how active a metal is, or how able it is to displace another metal in a single replacement reaction.

  8. Activity Series • Compare the two metals involved in the reaction. • The metal that is higher on the activity series is “more attractive.”

  9. Activity Series • Take our previous example: • AgNO3 + Cu  • Copper is higher than silver, so copper can displace silver. • AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag • Because copper is higher than silver, the reverse reaction will not occur.

  10. Practice • Zn + HCl 

  11. Practice • Zn + HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

  12. Practice • Au + HCl 

  13. Practice • Au + HCl  no reaction

  14. HW 7-9 Due Next Week • This Week: • Thursday: Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb • Friday: Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb • Chemical Reactions Half-Test – Friday, March 11th

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