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The Home Front: Japanese American Internment and Racial Dynamics During WWII

During World War II, President FDR ordered the internment of 110,000 Japanese Americans due to heightened racial tensions. Despite facing severe discrimination, many Japanese Americans served valiantly in the military, notably in the 442nd Combat Group. While over 15 million men and women served in various capacities, including women joining the workforce in unprecedented numbers, African Americans simultaneously confronted racism at home and in the armed forces. This period also saw the rise of organizations advocating for civil rights, ultimately sowing seeds for future equality movements.

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The Home Front: Japanese American Internment and Racial Dynamics During WWII

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  1. WorldatWar 24.2 The Home Front

  2. Internment of Japanese Americans • War inflamed racism against Japanese. • Feb. 1942: FDR ordered army to relocate 110,000 Japanese Americans to concentration camps.

  3. Eventually the Govt. allowed Japanese Americans to fight. • 442nd Combat Group • 1988: US Govt. compensated families & soldiers

  4. Building the Armed Forces • 15 million men & women served • Most servicemen were drafted • Women did everything short of front-line combat!

  5. Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps

  6. Mobilizing the Economy • US became “arsenal of democracy” • Production Boomed = Depression Ended • Govt. increased its control on industry • Big-business prospered • Wages were frozen & strikes made illegal • War Productions Board: managed conversion to war-production

  7. Ford Plant at Willow Run Michigan

  8. Paying for the War • Govt. raised income taxes • 1st time most Americans had to pay • $135 billion in WAR BONDS sold! • Rationing & Coastal Blackouts = most Americans were able to save $$$

  9. Women at Work • Over 5 million at work during war. • Govt. promoted it as long as men were at war. • Were paid less, and were expected to quit when war ended

  10. African Americans • Had to fight racism at home & abroad • A. Philip Randolph threatened a march on Washington to demand equal access & pay in defense jobs • FDR responded by creating the Fair Employment Practices Committee

  11. 761st Tank Battalion • FEPC opened some jobs to blacks but lacked enforcement. • 1 million blacks fought bravely in segregated units

  12. Tuskegee Airmen

  13. Blacks, Women, and Other Groups • Continued to face discrimination • But because of their sacrifice & efforts AND • Because it was a war to save democracy & end racism… THESE GROUPS WOULD CONTINUE TO FIGHT FOR EQUALITY

  14. Mobility & Race Riots • Millions of Americans moved into cities for defense jobs. • Race Riots broke out in major cities • 250 riots during summer of 1943

  15. Zoot Suit Riots (Los Angeles 1943)

  16. B’dep, B’deep, B’Dats All Folks!

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