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Russian Revolution: Causes, Events, and Reforms

Learn about the Russian Revolution, from industrialization to the turmoil of war, Bolshevik rise, and Stalin's brutal reforms.

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Russian Revolution: Causes, Events, and Reforms

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  1. Russian Revolution Mr. Wilson AP World History Wren High School

  2. Causes of the Revolution • Industrialization of Russia • Used foreign investment to build factories • Poor working conditions led to urban unrest • Russo-Japanese War • Russia was embarrassed by loss to Japan • Revolution of 1905—”Bloody Sunday” • Russian soldiers fire on unarmed protesters • 500-1000 people were killed • Led to creation of the Duma

  3. Resistance Movements • Workers begin to support the revolutionary ideas of Karl Marx • Believed industrial workers would overthrow the czar • Bolshevik party formed in 1903 • Led by Vladimir Lenin (right)

  4. Causes of the Revolution • World War I • Russia was consistently defeated by Germany • 4 million casualties in the first year • Demonstrates weakness of czarist rule • Czar’s wife Alexandria runs the government while husband leads the war effort • Rasputin undermines her authority • Defeats destroyed the moral of Russia troops • Soldiers mutinied, deserted, or ignored orders

  5. February Revolution • Women in St. Petersburg led citywide strike in March 1917 • 200,000 workers joined the strike • Soldiers sent to stop the strike joined the strikers • Led to general uprising in Russia • Czar was forced to abdicate his throne • Provisional government established • Led by Alexander Kerensky

  6. Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power in October 1917 • Motto was “Peace, Land, Bread” • Immediate Reforms • Ordered all farmland be distributed to peasants • Control of factories given to workers • Withdrew from World War I • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Russian Civil War

  7. Reforms of Vladimir Lenin • New Economic Policy • Creates limited capitalists reforms in order to promote agricultural and industrial development • Dies in 1924 • Battle for succession between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

  8. Reforms of Joseph Stalin • Goal was to create communist state envisioned by Bolsheviks • Collectivization • Eliminate private farms in favor of collective farms • Kills millions of peasants • Secures Soviet control of countryside

  9. Five-Year Plans • First Five-Year Plan (1928) focuses on iron, steel, machine tools, and electricity • Called for 1115% increase in coal production, 200% increase in iron, and 335% in electric power • Posted worker production in factories • Workers who failed to meet production quotas were shot or imprisoned in the Gulag

  10. Great Purge (1936-1939) • Attempt by Stalin to eliminate political opposition • Leading members of the Bolshevik party were executed or sent to labor camps • Stalin purged prominent military officials • 50% of a military officers were purged • Historians estimate 10 to 20 million people died during the Great Purge

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