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Lectures 11-12. Development in Asia: Is the World Centre Moving to Eastward?. The first predictions of Asian crisis. Krugman P. The Myth of Asia's Miracle. – Foreign Affairs, 1994, N 6, November-December. UNCTAD. Trade and Development Report 1996, Part 2, chapters I – III, esp. pp. 102-103.
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Lectures 11-12. Development in Asia: Is the World Centre Moving to Eastward?
The first predictions of Asian crisis • Krugman P. The Myth of Asia's Miracle. – Foreign Affairs, 1994, N 6, November-December. • UNCTAD. Trade and Development Report 1996, Part 2, chapters I – III, esp. pp. 102-103.
Japanese structure Korean structure
Expenditures for R&D (as percentage of GDP) in OECD (average) and some East Asian countries, 1995-1996
Expenditures for R&D (as percentage of GDP) in some OECD and East Asian countries, 2005-2008
The problem of creativity • Ng AikKwang. Why Asians Are Less Creative Than Westerners. Singapore: Prentice Hall,2001: • A ‘cognitive conservatism’: • “a constellation of attributes, which leads the person to adopt a passive, uncritical and uncreative orientation to learning and to hold fatalistic, superstitious and stereotypical beliefs; as well as to be authoritarian, dogmatic and conformist.” (P. 65) • + • The lack of “individually-oriented achievement motivation” (Ibid., p. 113)