1 / 34

Chapter 5

Chapter 5. The Federalist Era. I swear I read the textbook! Please…No! Not the quiz! No, Please!. Introduction. Struggle to establish effective government Growing pains Finding a place among the nations. Border Problems. British hold on western forts Fur trade Incitement of Indians

keith-norris
Download Presentation

Chapter 5

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 5 The Federalist Era

  2. I swear I read the textbook! Please…No! Not the quiz! No, Please!

  3. Introduction • Struggle to establish effective government • Growing pains • Finding a place among the nations

  4. Border Problems • British hold on western forts • Fur trade • Incitement of Indians • Failure of states to comply with terms of Treaty of Paris • Wounded American pride • Spain • Florida and New Orleans • Blockage of trade

  5. Foreign Trade • New trade with Asia • Loss of markets in now-closed British mercantilist system • Flood of low-priced British goods on US markets (dumping) • Obstacles to tariffs • Confederation lacked authority • Laws required unanimity (Rhode Island)

  6. Inflation • Colonies always had problems with shortage of specie • States sought to ease finances by printing more money and increasing taxes • Farmers especially suffered under the policy

  7. Shay’s Rebellion • Massachusetts tried to stabilize currency by raising taxes • Led to foreclosures and debtor prison • Rebels forcibly prevented foreclosures – marched on capital • Battle caused rout and collapse of rebellion • Caused concerns throughout the states

  8. Political Change? • Articles of Confederation shown to be unworkable • Fear of large government at expense of state power • Failed Annapolis convention on commerce caused Alexander Hamilton to propose new convention and make changes to Confederation

  9. The Great Convention • The Players • Lawyers, patriots, awareness of history • The Ideas • The Classics, the Enlightenment • The Place • New World • The Time • A new beginning

  10. Agreements • Federal system • A republic • Check on authority – divided government • Property rights • Right to levy taxes • Regulate commerce • Power to raise and maintain army and navy

  11. Agreements • Right to summon state militias to enforce laws and suppress rebellion • Right to mint money • Right to impose tariffs

  12. Disagreements • Basis for representation • The Virginia Plan – big states • The New Jersey Plan – small states • The Great Compromise • House – representation based on population with members elected by popular vote • Senate – each state assigned 2 seats w/members elected by state legislatures

  13. Disagreements • Slavery and representation • One-in-seven Americans were slaves • North wanted slaves to count when assessing federal taxes • South wanted slave population to count towards representation – though slaves could not vote • Three-Fifths Compromise • Three-fifths of slaves would count towards both purposes • Congress could not make slave trade illegal until 1808

  14. The Constitution • The House held power of the purse • The Senate “advise and consent” – treaties and appointments • Powerful presidency – Washington • Commander-in-Chief • Appoint judges • Conduct foreign relations • Veto rights

  15. The Constitution • Election – use of electors • National court system – judicial review? • Powerful central government but also independent states • Checks and balances • Appointments – confirmation • Treaties - ratifications • Veto and veto override • Impeachment – House / Senate • Congress declares war – President controls

  16. Ratifying the Constitution • Constitution to go into effect after approval by nine states • Rhode Island refused to convene convention to vote • Federalists – those who favored the constitution • Anti-Federalists – those who opposed ratification

  17. Ratifying the Constitution • Many feared a powerful central government • Much opposition disappeared after introduction of first ten amendments (Bill of Rights) • By 1788, nine states had ratified • Only RI, NY, and NC still outside the union

  18. Ratifying the Constitution • New York still undecided. Anti-Federalists gaining strength • Alexander Hamilton networked to get ratification – threatened NYC would secede from NY • Joined Madison and others in writing essays arguing for ratification

  19. The Federalist Papers • Series of essays in public papers • “Publius” – Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison • Goal was to argue merits of the Constitution and encourage ratification • “Cato” and “Brutus” – George Mason, et al • Anti-Federalists addressed concerns of public of power of federal state

  20. Assignment • Federalists versus Anti-Federalists • What were the Anti-Federalist fears concerning the executive (presidency)? • Go to http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/Constitutional/AntiFederalist/antifed.htm • Read the papers concerning the executive and list at least ten aspects of the presidency that worried the Anti-Federalists

  21. Ratifying the Constitution • With Virginia ratifying, NY had no choice but to join union • NC followed in 1789 • RI finally ratified in May 1790

  22. Washington as President • The first presidential election took place in January and February 1789 • Washington was elected unanimously • John Adams won vice-presidency with 34 electoral votes • Washington much aware he was constantly setting precedent

  23. Washington as President • Washington • was partisan neutral and would not endorse one candidate over another • Did not believe a president should push legislation • Began custom of meeting with department heads (cabinet) • When picking cabinet he favored no particular faction

  24. Washington as President • Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury • Jefferson – Secretary of State • Knox - Secretary of War • Randolph – Attorney General • Washington called on advice from whoever he wanted causing resentment and confusion between factions

  25. Chapter Five Hunt

  26. Quiz • Why did the British refuse to leave the forts in the Ohio? • How did the British impact the American economy after the Revolution? • When the Annapolis Convention failed who called for a constitutional convention? • Who led the farmer’s rebellion in Massachusetts?

  27. Quiz • Why was it so difficult to amend the Articles of Confederation? • The model for the constitution was based on whet ancient civilization? • The Great Compromise decided this • What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? • Probably the most radical change was the creation of this in the Constitution

  28. Quiz • The President’s veto power is an example of this • How did the Federalists help sway New York to ratify? • Much opposition to ratification disappeared with the insertion of this • How did Washington choose his cabinet?

  29. Quiz • What amendment guarantees state power? • To secure approval for his plan to assume state debts, Hamilton promised this • Who wanted to establish a national bank? • How did the French and British treat American shipping following Washington’s proclamation of neutrality?

  30. Quiz • Who was the head of the Federalists? Republicans? • What battle with the Indians opened up the Ohio to settlement? • Who was voted in as Vice-President under Adams? • The French demand for bribes to conduct negotiations was called this

  31. Quiz • These oppressive laws were passed by the Federalists in an attempt to suppress Republican opposition • According to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves who could declare federal laws unconstitutional? • What was the Whiskey Rebellion? How did Washington respond?

  32. Quiz • What were the British and French reactions to American neutrality? • Hamilton’s political maneuvering in favor of Pinckney resulted in his election as Vice-President

More Related