1 st MENTORE Event IPSC Projects based on Satellite Navigation Systems

1. 1st MENTORE Event IPSC Projects based on Satellite Navigation Systems IPSC - Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ G. Baldini, J. Hofherr

2. Joint Research Centre The Mission of the Joint Research Centre … is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it servesthe common interest of the Member States,while being independent of special interests,whether private or national.

3. Joint Research Centre Our Structure: 7 Institutes in 5 Member States IRMM -Geel, Belgium Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements ITU -Karlsruhe, Germany Institute for Transuranium Elements IE -Petten, The Netherlands Institute for Energy IPSC -Ispra, Italy Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen IES -Ispra, Italy Institute for Environment and Sustainability IHCP -Ispra, Italy Institute for Health and Consumer Protection IPTS -Seville, Spain Institute for Prospective Technological Studies ~ 2800 staff ~ 300 M€/y budget (+ 40 M€/y competitive income)

4. IPSC Focus • IPSC provides research-based, systems-oriented support to EU policies, in particular EU Security related policies (risk, anti-fraud). Two key objectives to be addressed: • Supporting the development of a European area of Freedom, Security and Justice • Contributing to the development of Global Stability and Security • The Institute maintains and develops its expertise and networks in information, communication, space and engineering technologies in support of its mission.

5. IPSC Structure

6. Regulations &Standards The definition of policy and regulations is an iterative process where many stakeholders are involved. Government Standardization bodies • Regulations • Standards • Operational Needs Research Centers • Research Workshops & Studies with End Users • Pilot projects and Prototypes • Technologies Industry “The use of standards is a strategic tool to raise competitiveness”.

7. IPSC and MENTORE Why IPSC is interested to MENTORE: • Pilot projects like the ones developed in MENTORE are essential to: • Identify challenges and issues on the implementation of Applications. • Introduce feedback to the chain of regulation/standards/technology. • Identify gaps in standard and research. MENTORE team is investigating important aspects related to the security and safety of the citizen, which is the core activity of IPSC.

8. IPSC projects • IPSC has been working for many years on a number of projects related to Tracking and Tracing: • Transportation of Dangerous Goods • Maritime Security • Livestock transportation

9. IPSC projects Transportation of Dangerous Goods

10. Transportation of Dangerous Goods • Policy Context: • Framework Directives 94/55/EC and 96/49/EC are the basis. • 1994/55EC Council Directive on the approximation of laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road. • 1994/55EC was amended by 1996/86/EC, 1999/47/EC, 2000/61/EC; 2001/7/EC, 2003/28/EC, 2004/111/EC, 2006/89/EC. • 1996/49/CE Council Directive on the approximation of laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail.1996/49/CE was amended by 1996/87EC, 1999/48/EC, 2001/6/EC, 2003/29/EC, 2004/89/EC, 2004/110/EC, 2006/90/EC.Also Commission Decision 2005/777/EC of 13 October 2005 amending Decision 2005/180/EC on authorizing Member States to adopt certain derogations pursuant to Council Directive 96/49/EC with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail. • 1995/50/EC Council Directive on uniform procedures for checks on the transport of dangerous goods by road amended by 2001/26 and 2008/54/EC.

11. Transportation of Dangerous Goods JRC Project: SIMAGE SIstema integrato per il Monitoraggio Ambientale e la Gestione del rischio industriale e delle Emergenze The main aim of SIMAGE Transport was to implement a pilot information system for the near real-time monitoring of vehicles carrying hazardous freight and provide early alert warnings to the competent authorities in the case of emergency associated with the dangerous goods transport. Framework Agreement between DG JRC and the Italian Ministry of Environment 1995-2005. About 13.5 millions Euro

12. Transportation of Dangerous Goods • Main communication paths are: • between the control centre and the driver for emergency management needs; • between the driver and the cargo for setting up the typology of cargo, quantities carried and alarm values for the sensors; • between the cargo device and the fixed equipment for identifying the trailer and the cargo being carried; • between the fixed equipment and the control centre to indicate passage of a cargo

13. Transportation of Dangerous Goods

14. Transportation of Dangerous Goods • Conclusions: • Monitoring the transport of dangerous substances is not only a technological challenge, but also and, • perhaps more importantly, a participatory challenge. • Need for an harmonization of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods in one of piece of EU law covering road, rail and inland waterway. • Resistance by operators for adoption of tracking & tracing technologies if added-value for them and for society is not clearly identified. • Prototyping and Pilot projects are quite useful to identify challenges and issues in implementing regulations and to identify the existence or lack of appropriate standards. • An emerging issue is the standardization of messaging structures for data exchange between interested and authorized parties as well as the availability and reliability of the communication chain .

15. IPSC projects Monitoring of fishing vessels

16. Monitoring of fishing vessels • Problem: The oceans are being over-fished • Response: Track fishery vessels, establish no-fishing zones • How fishery vessels are being tracked • VMS: Vessel Monitoring System • Satellite based tracking system for fishery boats • Comprised of a “VMS box” on each fishing vessel AND A database application at the Fishery Monitoring Center • The VMS box includes a GPS device that is able to determine the vessel’s position • The VMS box sends a position every 1-2 hours • Problem: Fishermen don’t like to be tracked, some even cheat ! • Response: Find out how to secure VMS boxes so that cheating is more difficult.

17. Monitoring of fishing vessels Policy Context: COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2244/2003 of 18 December 2003 laying down detailed provisions regarding satellite-based Vessel Monitoring Systems Art 6 2. In particular, the master of a Community fishing vessel shall ensure that:(a) the data are not altered in any way;(b) the antenna or the antennas connected to the satellite tracking devices are not obstructed in any way;(c) the power supply of the satellite tracking devices is not interrupted in any way; and(d) the satellite tracking devices are not removed from the fishing vessel. 3. It shall be prohibited to destroy, damage, render inoperative or otherwise interfere with the satellite tracking device.

18. Monitoring of fishing vessels Focus of Maruse study

19. Monitoring of fishing vessels Key findings: A dishonest Fisherman’s viewpoint • Extra profit from black landings can exceed 1 million EUR over 2 years • Skippers of larger boats have considerable financial resources • Could • compromise technology • attempt to corrupt law enforcement (out of scope) • Simple GPS « fraud kit » available for 2 000 EUR • Disable antenna, open box, feed into RS-232 port (« invasive ») • Sophisticated GPS signal simulators available for about 100k EUR • Connect to antenna itself (« invasive ») • Radiate towards VMS box (« non-invasive »)

20. Monitoring of fishing vessels Why Galileo? • Galileo Differentiator for VMS • Enable adequate protection for incoming and outgoing VMS signals • Incoming authenticated signal=> Galileo encrypted signal • … makes a fake signal infeasible • Galileo authentic signal This may also be valid for AIS and LRIT systems. Like VMS, these systems can also be used for vessel tracking. While AIR and LRIT are used for merchant vessels instead of fishing vessels, these systems use GPS positions as well and they could be prone to tampering In this case Galileo could also provide additional security.

21. IPSC projects Animal welfare in livestock transportation

22. Animal welfare in livestock transportation • Problem • only few of the animal welfare requirements can be verified at road-side checks or after transport (retrospective) • Community legislation was amended in 2004 • to ensure better enforcement of the standards, in particular by increasing the traceability of such transport operations • and new elements introduced • Navigation system for long journey animal transports (> 8 hours) • Temperature recording and warning system

23. Animal welfare in livestock transportation Policy Context: • Article 6(9) navigation system over long road journeys • as from 1 January 2007 for vehicles for the first time in service; • As from 1 January 2009 for all road vehicles. Regulation (EC) 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport Annex I appropriate navigation system allowing for recording and providing information equivalent to those required in the journey log and concerning opening/closing of the loading flap; Annex I temperature monitoring and recording system which alerts the driver of the vehicle when the temperature in the animal compartment (s) reaches the maximum or minimum limit. => Implementing measures required

24. Animal welfare in livestock transportation Concept for the system proposed by JRC: • a largely autonomous system to control and verify animal welfare parameters during transport • a) transport times & resting times • b) temperatures • providing the possibility of on-site and real time remote access to data • to establish a connection with TRACES via TRACES certificate number

25. Animal welfare in livestock transportation Principle Communication Decentralised remote receiver e.g. private Service Provider GPRS/GMS Positioning and time GPS/ Galileo Authorised user(Transporter) Central EU wide receiver, e.g. TRACES Web Server Direct download Authorized users (authorities for animal welfare) Remote access to data in real time

26. Animal welfare in livestock transportation System characteristics: • The On-board-unit (OBU) obtains and records at least • time and position of vehicle • temperatures in animal compartment(s) • opening/closing of loading door(s) • entering by driver • Entering of information by the driver should be limited • journey status (start, rest, resume, end of journey) • TRACES certificate number(s) • species, category, total number of animals loaded • number of animals injured or dead during journey Data recorded and sent by the OBU are distinguished by the VIN of the vehicle, date and time when recorded

27. Animal welfare in livestock transportation • JRC animal welfare websitehttp://awt.jrc.it • Technical Specifications Report • Impact Assessment Report • Scenarios Report how it could step up the effectiveness of animal welfare controls) Where further information can be found on the proposed system?

28. Animal welfare in livestock transportation • JRC carried out laboratory and in-field tests of a system conforming to the technical specifications (recordings - downloading – data transmission to a remote receiver – transmission from a remote receiver to TRACES receiver). • Working on a second generation of navigation system which could also handle the electronic identification of animals loaded/unloaded. • A number of service suppliers for the transport industry developed systems largely conforming to the technical specifications – some are already in use. State of play regarding technical solutions:

29. Animal welfare in livestock transportation • The proposed system combines temperature monitoring and navigation systems to avoid duplication of devices and information, allowing shared use and simplification of systems; • Second OBU in truck & trailer; • Remote transmission of recorded data. Some points of the concept (and Technical Specifications) are not agreed on by all Member States: