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The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

Explore the birth of Islam with Prophet Muhammad's life, teachings, and the emergence of a Muslim empire through the Caliphate. Understand the Arabian Peninsula's pre-Islamic status, the role of trade, and the key Islamic terminology. Delve into the five pillars of Islam, including the Caliphate's rise, Caliphs, and the split into Sunni and Shiite sects. Discover the conquests of Byzantines, Persians, Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties, shaping the Middle East and North Africa.

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The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

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  1. The Birth of IslamUnit 3 PP 3Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

  2. Arabian Peninsula Before Islam Cross roads of 3 continents Africa, Europe and Asia • Trade (Cultural Diffusion) • Religion? • The Ka’aba • Jews and Christians • Nomadic Bedouins • Water and food • conflict

  3. The Prophet Muhammad • Born in Mecca (570-632) • Orphan at 6, married at 25 to Khadijha (6 kids) • 610 vision of the Angel Gabriel • Receives the new religion of Islam from Gabriel • Koran revealed over a period of 23 years

  4. A Muslim Community • 622 Muhammad forced out of Mecca • The Hijra(Hegira) Why? • From Mecca to Medina • While in Medina he gains followers and wins many battles • 630 he returns to Mecca and casts the idols out of the Kaaba • 632 Mohammed dies • Sharia Law • Regulates moral conduct (common legal framework

  5. Islamic Law • No changes or translations to Koran • No priests (equality) • Imams • Mohammed is the last and greatest prophet • “People of the book” • Moral code • Gambling, drinking • Rights of women

  6. Important Islamic Terminology • Islam v. Muslim • Mosque • Imam • Minaret • Caliph • Jihad • Koran • Ka’aba

  7. The Five Pillars of Islam • No god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet • Charity • Pray 5x a day • Ramadan • The Hajj

  8. Unit 3 PP 4 Chapter 10 section 2 Building a Muslim Empire

  9. The Rise of the Caliphate • Caliphs: Abu-Bakr the first Caliph (Father in Law) • Spread the faith by uniting the tribes of the Arabian peninsula • Defeated the Byzantines and the Persians • After the first 4 Caliphs there is a problem!

  10. Split in Islam • Disagreements continued over the successor to Muhammad • The 4th Caliph Ali assassinated in 661 by the Ummayyads • Division: • Shiite (minority: more radical) • leader should be related to Muhammad • Sunni (majority: more moderate) • Successor should be the most qualified

  11. Early success of Islam • Conquered Byzantines, Palastine, Syria, Egypt and Persia • Jihad (Holy War) • The Umayyad Dynasty in control from Damascus • Favored Arabs and military leaders • In 750 The Abbasid Dynasty comes to power (Baghdad)

  12. Middle east and North Africa

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