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Nuclear Research Project

Nuclear Research Project. By Alex G, Nensi C, Matt L T.J R, Lucas M. Dirty Bombs. A dirty bomb is a mix of fusionable radioactive material and TNT.

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Nuclear Research Project

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  1. Nuclear Research Project By Alex G, Nensi C, Matt L T.J R, Lucas M

  2. Dirty Bombs • A dirty bomb is a mix of fusionable radioactive material and TNT. • When the TNT and fusionable materials are set off together in a particle accelerator, there is a simple fusion reaction that sets off an explosion and radioactive materials and particles in the surrounding areas.

  3. Effects of Dirty Bombs • http://www.msnbc.com/modules/dirtybomb/ • There is something called a fallout diagram, which uses a standard city as a model and then predicts what would happed if there was a dirty bomb attack on that city. • Assuming the city is 20 km by 20km, then the blast radius of a .5 kiloton dirty bomb would go through approximately 1.5 km of the city. Radioactive materials would go throughout the whole city and for much farther after.

  4. Dirty Bomb Materials • One of the scary things about dirty bombs is that they can be made using standard disposed hospital equipment and some other more difficult to get materials. • Dirty bombs use plasma to create a fusionable reaction that creates the main effect. • A dirty bomb with gamma emitters would post the biggest threat because gamma is the most dangerous form of radiation to come on contact with because it cant be sheilded.

  5. Isotopes likely in a “dirty bomb” • Americium-241 24195Am—42He---23793Np • Californium-252 25298Cf---42He----24896Cm • Cesium-137 13755Cs---0-1e-----13756Ba • Cobalt-60 6027Co----0-1e-----6028Ni • Plutonium-238 23894Pu----42He----23492U

  6. First Dirty Bombs • The first dirty bomb was created using designs by the US military that were stolen by Julius Rosenberg in the early 50s. These were sent to the Soviet Union and created into prototypes of less than .0005 kt designs at first. • In the 70s, a large security breach within the Kremlin occurred in which terrorists, including renowned radicalist Jose Padilla, were able to gain secrets of the bomb through corrupt officials.

  7. CIA Success Stopping Attacks • There have been over 300 designs and prototypes for dirty bombs, and there have been over 2,500 thefts of atomic material used for the bombs. However, a dirty bomb has never been detonated by a terrorist group. This is largely due to the success of the CIA’s counterterrorism operations throughout the world. • Very little is known on how the CIA stops these attacks, but they have been successful.

  8. Jose Padilla • Jose Padilla was suspected of planning a “dirty bomb” attack on a U.S. city. • Padilla was not proven guilty, but was convicted in aiding terrorism. • Padilla was arrested in 2002 when designated an illegal enemy combatant by president bush.

  9. Counter Tactics To Stop attacks • Dirty bomb terrorist attacks are rarely like they are on TV. • Instead of stopping the final stages of the bombing, in one day mind you, they often occur over weeks, months, or even years. They are often stopped in the preliminary stages by the CIA, but are then kept classified by the CIA.

  10. Summary • A dirty bomb attack would be devastating. They seem surprisingly easy to get into the US. • America and other countries have had much success in stopping attacks, and military theorists agree that it is very unlikely one will happen in the future. • If there ever was an attack the only way you could know is if someone tested for radiation and there were large amounts.

  11. Glossary part 1 • Dirty bombs- is a conventional explosive packaged with radioactive materials. • Atomic Blast- is when an atomic bomb explodes • Pellets- small particles typically created by compressing an original material • Radiation- is energy in the form of waves or moving subatomic particles emitted by an atom or other body as it changes from a higher energy state to a lower energy state. • Dynamite- an explosive based on the explosive potential of nitroglycerin, initially using diatomaceous earth or another absorbent substance such as sawdust as an absorbant • contamination- The act or process of contaminating.

  12. Glossary part 2 • radiation sickness- form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. • radiological dispersion bomb- dirty bombs • ionizing radiation- consists of highly-energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule.

  13. Bibliography part 1 • "CDC Radiation Emergencies | Dirty Bombs." CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response Site. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/dirtybombs.asp>. • "CNN.com In-Depth Specials." CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2002/cfr/stories/dirty.bomb/index.html>. • "DIRTY BOMB." HOME. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.jplabs.com/html/dirty_bomb.HTM>. • "Dirty Bomb: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com - Online Dictionary, Encyclopedia and much more. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.answers.com/topic/dirty-bomb>. • ""Dirty Bombs" - Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.cfr.org/publication/9548/>.

  14. Bibliography part 2 • "Dirty Bombs." New York State Department of Health. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.health.state.ny.us/environmental/emergency/dirty_bombs htm>. • "Dirty Bombs." Welcome to the Physics Department at ISU.. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/dirtybomb.htm>. • "Dirty bomb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_bomb>. • "Homeland Security National Terror Alert - Homeland Security News &raquo; Dirty Bomb." Homeland Security National Terror Alert - Homeland Security News . 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.nationalterroralert.com/dirtybomb/>. • "HowStuffWorks "How Dirty Bombs Work"." Howstuffworks "Science Channel". 30 Oct. 2008 <http://science.howstuffworks.com/dirty-bomb.htm>.

  15. Bibliography part 3 • "NRC: Fact Sheet on Dirty Bombs." NRC: Home Page. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/dirty-bombs.html>. • "Terrorism - Dirty Bombs." CDI - Center for Defense Information - Security Policy Research Organization. 30 Oct. 2008 <http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/dirty-bomb.cfm>. • Created at www.bibme.org

  16. We would like to give a special thanks to Jake Barnett for all his help and his knowledge about dirty bombs

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