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Time Line Project

Time Line Project. EDUC 7100-2 Evolution of Educational Technology Linda Rosemond. Strands 1-6. Strand 1: Toffler’s Waves Strand 2: Technology Strand 3: Business and Corporate Developments Strand 4: Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction Strand 5: Nature of Society and Culture

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Time Line Project

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  1. Time Line Project EDUC 7100-2 Evolution of Educational Technology Linda Rosemond

  2. Strands 1-6 • Strand 1: Toffler’s Waves • Strand 2: Technology • Strand 3: Business and Corporate Developments • Strand 4: Educational Theories of Learning and Instruction • Strand 5: Nature of Society and Culture • Strand 6: Science/Medicine

  3. Toffler’s Three Waves http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1711910.html

  4. Strands 2-6 1900-1910 • 2) Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blescalator.htm • 2) The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission. http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm • 3) Chester CarlsonAmerican inventor, physicist and patent attorney Chester Carlson—the man whose discovery of xerographic printing would fuel Xerox’s global growth and forever change an industry—was born February 8, 1906. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/carlson.htm • 3) The M.H. Kuhn Company, founded in 1903, becomes the Haloid Company on April 18, 1906 in Rochester, New York, to pursue the business of manufacturing and selling photographic paper. http://www.xerox.com/about-xerox/history-timeline/1930-decade/enus.html • 4) Dewey publishes Psychology and How We Think describing his functional theories. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/john-dewey-theories.html

  5. Strands 2-6 1900-1910 Continued • 4) Thorndike applies his Law of Effect to human behavior. Strong behavioral responses for rewards but not for punishment. http://www.nvc.vt.edu/alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm • 5) Women’s suffrage http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm • 5) Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing plants in his book, “The Jungle” http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/sinclair.htm • 6) The fossils of a Tyrannosaurus Rex are discovered by Barnum Brown in Hell Creek, Montana.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnum_Brown • 6) The Wright Brothers make aviation history with their first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.http://wrightbrothers.info.

  6. Strands 2-6 1910-1920 • 2) Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture.http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bledison_timeline.htm • 2) The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong.Today, every radio or television set uses this invention.http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventors/a/Armstrong.htm • 3) Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra.http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/brassiere.htm • 3) The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite.http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltoaster.htm • 4)Gestalt Psychology influences the Progressive Movement.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology • 4) Thorndike’s Connectionism or Learning = Stimulus - Response             became the leading educational psychology. http://www.nvc.vt.edu/alhrd/Theorists/Thorndike.htm

  7. Strands 2-6 1910-1920 Cont.. • 5) Women started to wear more comfortable clothing.http://www.greatestlook.com/advice/revealing_fashions.html • 5) Ballroom dancing was a popular dance.http://www.examiner.com/ballroom-dancing-in-orlando/lady-duff-gordon-british-fashion-icon-1910-s-who-shaped-ballroom-glamour • 6) Halley’s commit is observed photographically for the first time.http://www.theskyscrapers.org/content471.html. • 6) British physicist Ernest Rutherford discovers the concept of radioactive half life.http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/chemistry/generalchemistry/atomic/BasicStructure/ErnestRutherford/ErnestRutherford.htm

  8. Strands 2-6 1920-1930 • 2) Artificial life begins -- the first robot built.http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/RobotStory.htm • 2) Garrett A Morgan invents a traffic signal.http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventors/a/Garrett_Morgan.htm • 3) Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food.http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfrfood.htm • 3) Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy.http://inventors.about.com/od/foodrelatedinventions/a/pez_candy.htm • 4) Pavlov proposed Classical Conditioning http://web.mst.edu/~psyworld/classical_conditioning.htm

  9. Strands 2-6 1920-1930 Cont.. • 4) Piaget presents his learning theory of genetic epistemology.http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Genetic_epistemology • 5) Harlem Renaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance • 5) Flappershttp://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/flappers.htm • 6) Vitamin D is discovered and shown to prevent rickets.http://www.endocrinetoday.com/view.aspx?rid=35928 • 6) Insulin, which regulates the use of sugar, is isolated and used for the treatment of diabetes by Frederick Banting and Herbert Best.http://www.utoronto.ca/bandb/best.htm

  10. Strands 2-6 1930-1940 • 2) Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography.http://edgerton-digital-collections.org/ • 2) The electron microscope was invented.http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope_2.htm • 3) At the urging of Joseph R. Wilson, the son of Haloid Company co-founder Joseph C. Wilson, Haloid acquires the Rectigraph Company, a photocopying machine manufacturer that uses Haloid paper. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Xerox-Corporation-Company-History.html • 3) In order to raise funds for purchase of the Rectigraph Company, the Haloid Company issues its first offering of public stock on September 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox • 4) Guthrie's Contiguity Theory of learning is presented. http://www.southalabama.edu/oll/mobile/theory_workbook/contiguity_theory.htm

  11. Strands 2-6 1930-1940 Cont… • 4) Skinner publishes Behavior of Organisms that repopularizes behaviorists classroom models.http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/Home.html • 5) The Great Depressionhttp://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/great-depression.htm • 5) Dick and Jane books were publishedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_and_Jane • 6) Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie create the first man-made radioactive substance by bombarding aluminum with alpha particles that create radioactive phosphorus. http://www.nndb.com/people/410/000100110/ • 6) Du Pont chemist Wallace Hume Carothers creates nylon, the first completely synthetic fabric. http://inventors.about.com/od/nstartinventions/a/nylon.htm

  12. Strands 2-6 1940-1950 • 2) Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcolortelevision.htm • 2) Konrad Zeus’s Z3, the first computer controlled by software. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050298.htm • 3) Chester Carlson receives U.S. patent No. 2,297,691 on October 6 for electro photography—later called xerography—the technology that will revolutionize the world of document imaging./http://www.freshpatents.com/Electrophotography-dtnewntc399.php • 3) Xerography is formally announced on October 22 at the Optical Society of America Annual Meeting in Detroit, Michigan—the same year the word “Xerox” is trademarked for future use.http://www.xerox.com/innovation/chester-carlson-xerography/enus.html • 4) Smith and Tyler provide evaluation manual which dominates educational evaluation for next quarter century/http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2517/Tyler-Ralph-W-1902-1994.html

  13. Strands 2-6 1940-1950 Cont… • 4)The report Education for All American Youth restates perspectives of Cardinal Principals of secondary Education and declares “no aristocracy of subjects” including science.http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/1918cardinal.html • 5)WW II: United States became a super power.http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/politics/United-States-of-America.html • 5)Scrap drives/victory gardenshttp://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/politics/United-States-of-America.html

  14. Strands 2-6 1940-1950 Cont… • 6) The U.S. government establishes the Manhattan Project, led by Robert Oppenheimer, to coordinate ongoing American efforts to design and build the atomic bomb. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project • 6)Doctors begin to use the pap test to detect cervical cancer. http://www.cancercare.org.cy/EN/public_information/early_detection/pap_test.html

  15. Strands 2-6 1950-1960 • 2) Charles Ginsburg invented the first video tape recorder (VTR). http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvideo.htm • 2) The first computer hard disk was used.http://www.yourdictionary.com/computer/hard-disk • 3) The first nonstick teflon pan produced. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blteflon.htm • 3) The Haloid Company and The Rank Organisation plc (UK) form Rank Xerox as a joint venture to manufacture and market Haloid (later Xerox) equipment initially in Europe and eventually in Africa and Asia.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_Xerox • 4) Benjamin Bloom proposed the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, also known as Blooms Taxonomy.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_Taxonomy

  16. Strands 2-6 1950-1960 Cont… • 4) Soviet union launched Sputnik I. It accelerated public funding and support for science education.http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik. • 5) Baby Boomers. http://www.babyboomers.com • 5) Racial segregationis ruled unconstitutional in public schools by the U.S. Supreme Court. http://www.1920-30.com/politics/racial-segregation.html • 6) Narinder Kapany (England) develops fiber optics. http://www.nriinternet.com/NRI_Sciectists/USA/A_Z/K/Kaplany/index.htm • 6) Temporary artificial heart invented by Willem Kolff. http://www.nnp.org/nni/Publications/Dutch-American/kolff.html

  17. Strands 2-6 1960-1970 • 2) The computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart.http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081898.htm • 2) The first computer with integrated circuits made.http://nobelprize.org/educational/physics/integrated_circuit/history • 3) Permanent-press fabric invented.http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfabric.htm • 3) We begin recovering metals from used photoreceptor drums for use in new products, improving the reuse of natural resources and lowering the amount of hazardous heavy metals bought, handled and processed.http://naturalresourcerecovery.com. • 4) Robert Gagné published first edition of "The Conditions of Learning" that describes five domains of learning: verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitudes, and cognitive s.http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/aa/landt/lt/docs/atid.htm

  18. Strands 2-6 1960-1970 Cont… • 4)Bruner publishes Toward a Theory of Instruction where he introduces Constructivist Learning Theory. http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial1/learning_theories_full_version.html • 5) College campuses became centers of debate and scenes of protest more than ever before. http://www.1920-30.com/politics/racial-segregation.html. • 5) Crew cuts on men and bouffant hairstyles on women. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouffant • 6) Mariner II, the first interplanetary probe, reaches Venus.http://www.happynews.com/living/space/nasa-expeditions-venus.htm • 6) The sedative Valium (chlordiazepoxide) is developed by Roche labs. http://www.forbes.com/2005/10/03/valium-inventor-dies-cx_mh_1003autofacescan03.html?feed=rss_personalfinance_philanthropy

  19. Strands 2-6 1970-1980 • 2)The floppy disc invented by Alan Shugart. http://inventors.about.com/od/computersandinternet/a/FloppyDisk.htm • 2)The microprocessor invented by Faggin, Hoff and Mazor. http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microprocessor.htm • 3)Xerox PARC—opens in Palo Alto, California, with a world-class team of experts in information and physical sciences http://www.microglyphs.com/english/html/dataglyphs.shtml • 3)The Xerox Research Centre of Canada (XRCC)— established as an exploratory chemistry research center for Xerox Corporation.http://www.xerox.com/innovation/business-technology-research/frca.html • 4) Sternberg publishes Intelligence, Information Processing,    and Analogical Reasoning, informing a Triarchic Learning Theory. http://wilderdom.com/personality/L2-2SternbergTriarchicTheory.html

  20. Strands 2-6 1970-1980 Cont… • 4) Michael Moore proposes the theory of transactional distance. Transactional distance has become one of the leading theories in the field of distance education. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_distance • 5) Many of the "radical" ideas of the 60's gained wider acceptance in the new decade, and were mainstreamed into American life and culture.  http://www.uhsalumni.com/1958/70sdecade.html • 5) People from Third World countries came to this country in search of economic betterment or to escape political repression.  http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/third_world_countries.htm • 6) The antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) is developed by Bryan B. Malloy (Scotland) and Klaus K. Schmiegel (US). http://www.ihmsisters.org/www/Alumni_and_Reunions/previousschooldec09.asp • 6) The accidental release of anthrax spores at a Soviet bioweapons facility in Sverdlovsk. http://www.teachervision.fen.com/year/1979.html

  21. Strands 2-6 1980-1990 • 2)The Apple Macintosh was invented. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa051599.htm • 2) Digital cellular phones were invented. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072199.htm • 3)Foreseeing the tremendous growth and utility of the Internet, Xerox registers www.xerox.com—the seventh ".com" top-level domain name to be registered with the Department of Defense. http://docushare.xerox.com/index.html • 3)Fifty years after Chester Carlson produced the first xerographic image in his Astoria, Queens, New York lab, our 50 Series copiers launch to recognize his game-changing achievement. http://docushare.xerox.com/index.html

  22. Strands 2-6 1980-1990 Cont… • 4) Gardner publishes Art, Mind and Brain in which he introduces his Multiple Intelligences Learning Theory.http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.php . • 4) National Commission on Excellence in Education publishes A Nation at Risk. It emphasized a return to the basics as a solution.http://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html • 5) Binge buying and credit became a way of life.http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade80.html. • 5) Cable and MTV were created.http://www.yourdictionary.com/answers/who/who-created-mtv.html.

  23. Strands 2-6 1980-1990 Cont… • 6) The El Niño phenomenon disrupts global weather patterns. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/elnino • 6) France and China permit use of "morning-after" birth-control drug RU486 (Mifepristone). http://topics.cnn.com/topics/feeds/rss/birth_control

  24. Strands 2-6 1990-2000 • 2) The World Wide Web and Internet protocol (HTTP) and WWW language (HTML) created by Tim Berners-Lee.http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/internet.htm • 2)Web TV was invented. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_web_tv.htm • 3)Xerox and Fuji Xerox form Xerox International Partners to market digital marking engines, desktop and workgroup printers, and digital copiers to original equipment manufacturers worldwide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_Xerox • 3)Xerox partners with IBM to announce a technology and marketing agreement that marries IBM's Lotus Notes and Domino electronic document management environment with the Xerox Document Centre family./http://www.office.xerox.com/multifunction-printer/color-multifunction/docucolor-242-252-260/enus.html?source=105688&CMP=KNC-XOGUS&HBX_PK=Document_Center&HBX_OU=51&ADGRP=multifunction

  25. Strands 2-6 1990-2000 Cont… • 4) Lave & Wenger (1991) illustrate how people acquire knowledge through engagement in the context of everyday activities. http://www.learning-theories.com/situated-learning-theory-lave.html • 4) Gardner (1993) proposes seven distinct form of intelligence including linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal and interpersonal. http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm • 5) Gulf War http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf. • 5) About eighty-three and one-half percent of the population in 1999 completed four years of high school as opposed to only forty-one percent in 1960.http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/dropout/HighSchoolRates3.asp

  26. Strands 2-6 1990-2000 Cont… • 6) The FDA approves use of the surgically-implanted contraceptive Norplant. http://www.hli.org/index.php/abortifacients/254?task=view • 6) Dr. Ian Wilmut and his team clone the world's first sheep from adult cells. The lamb born in July 1996 is named Dolly. http://www.salon.com/feb97/news/news2970224.html

  27. Strands 2-6 2000-2010 • 2) On October 23, 2001 Apple Computers publicly announced their portable music digital player the iPod, created under project codename Dulcimer. http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/iPod.htm • 2) A new computer interface called the sixth sense is created.http://theviewspaper.net/sixth-sense-technology-will-revolutionize-the-world. • 3) Xerox achieves the 10,000th installation of our reliable, globally trusted DocuColor 2000 Series press. http://www.outputlinks.com/html/news/news-02848.shtml • 3) Adding to Xerox solutions portfolio, we acquire XMPie, a leading provider of variable information software.http://www.xmpie.com/image-personalization • 4) Jeroen J G Van Merrienboer refines the Four-Component Instructional Design System (4C/ID-model) he developed early in 1992. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/sat1.html

  28. Strands 2-6 2000-2010 Cont… • 4) David Wiley develops Learning Object Design and Sequencing Theory (LODAS).http://davidwiley.org • 5) Bombing of the twin towershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center • 5) Obama became president http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/candidates/barack.obama.html • 6) "I love you" virus disrupts computers worldwide (May 14).http://www.jrwhipple.com/virus_iloveyou.html • 6) Report by National Academy of Sciences announces that global warming is on the rise. Leading scientists reaffirm mainstream view that human activity is largely responsible (June 6).http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/globalchange/global_warming/03.html

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