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MAJOR ERAS IN U.S. HISTORY

MAJOR ERAS IN U.S. HISTORY. Reconstruction Period. Civil War Ends - 1865. 13 th Amendment : Abolished slavery in U.S. . 14 th Amendment : everyone citizens regardless of race. 15 th Amendment : everyone can vote regardless of race (except women) .

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MAJOR ERAS IN U.S. HISTORY

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  1. MAJOR ERAS IN U.S. HISTORY

  2. Reconstruction Period

  3. Civil War Ends- 1865

  4. 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery in U.S.

  5. 14th Amendment: everyone citizens regardless of race

  6. 15th Amendment: everyone can vote regardless of race (except women)

  7. Homestead Act: head of household receives 160 acres of free land.

  8. U.S. Indian Policy: move Indians to reservations, expect assimiliation

  9. Transcontinental Railroad: connects the east coast to the west coast.

  10. Cattle Industry Boom: Sale of Texas longhorns in Midwestern cities. Cattle trails and railroads

  11. Gilded Age

  12. Growth of big business: Carnegie (Steel) Rockefeller (oil), Vanderbilt (railroad) (Monopolies)

  13. Growth of Labor Unions: organization for workers- better pay and working conditions

  14. Urbanization: growth of cities

  15. New Immigrants: from southern and eastern Europe.

  16. Political Machines: gave jobs and housing in exchange for votes.

  17. Populism: People’s political party. Becomes part of Democratic party.

  18. Social Gospel Movement: Movement to help the poor mainly new immigrants.

  19. Interstate Commerce Act: regulations of railroads in the United States

  20. Anti-Trust Acts: regulations of big business.

  21. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act: civil service exam for government jobs. Jobs based on performance.

  22. Spanish-American War (1898) U.S. goes to war with Spain. Gain: Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines as a result. Causes: Yellow Journalism, U.S.S. Maine blows up, DeLome letter- calls McKinley “weak”

  23. Progressive Era: (Try to fix the ills of society)

  24. Theodore Roosevelt: served in the Spanish-American War as a “rough rider”, became President. Environmentalist, Trust-buster, built Panama Canal

  25. Building Panama Canal: creates shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Eliminates the need for a two ocean navy.

  26. Great Migration: African Americans migrate from the South to the North in the years between the wars.

  27. Susan B. Anthony: leader for women’s suffrage

  28. W.E.B. Dubois: founded the NAACP, wanted immediate integration for African Americans

  29. 16th (Sixteenth) Amendment: income tax

  30. 17th (seventeenth) Amendment: direct election of senators

  31. 18th Amendment: Prohibition, sale, consumption, manufacturing of alcohol illegal in the United States.

  32. 19th Amendment: women’s right to vote

  33. Pure Food and Drug Act: all foods must be labeled correctly and meet federal standards

  34. Initiative: citizens can put an issue on the ballot. Referendum: vote on the initiative, recall: remove a corrupt political person

  35. World War I:

  36. German Submarine Warfare: Unrestricted sub warfare- sinking of American ships, cause for U.S. involvement in WWI.

  37. Zimmermann Telegram: intercepted telegram from Germany asking Mexico to invade the United States. Another cause for U.S. involvement in WWI.

  38. American Expeditionary Force: U.S. troops in WWI.

  39. General John J. Pershing: U.S. General went to Mexico to capture Pancho Villa, served U.S. in World War I.

  40. Stalemate on western front: WWI trench warfare; neither side making any progress

  41. Battle of Argonne Forest: Major battle in WWI.

  42. Wilson’s Fourteen Points: President Wilson’s plan for peace at the end of WWI; including the League of Nations.

  43. Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ends WWI. Blames Germany for WWI.

  44. League of Nations: President Wilson plan for an organization to prevent future wars. U.S. refuses to join.

  45. Roaring Twenties:

  46. Red Scare: Fear of Communism in the United States

  47. Nativism: fear of foreigners

  48. Social Darwinism: “Survival of the Fittest”. The strongest will survive. Same in business, the strongest businesses will survive.

  49. Prohibition: 18th Amendment- no more consumption of alcohol. Led to organized crime.

  50. Harlem Renaissance: Surge of music, writing and arts by African Americans in Harlem, neighborhood in New York.

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