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Bacteria

Bacteria. What is a bacterium?. Diversity of Prokaryotes - Key Characteristics. Archaebacteria : bacteria that lacks the peptidoglycan layer in its structure- Older (in time) bacteria Live in oxygen free environment Produce methane gas ( methanogens )

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria

  2. What is a bacterium?

  3. Diversity of Prokaryotes- Key Characteristics • Archaebacteria: bacteria that lacks the peptidoglycan layer in its structure- Older (in time) bacteria • Live in oxygen free environment • Produce methane gas (methanogens) • Lives in EXTREME environments marshes, salty environments, volcanoes • Eubacteria: Bacteria that DOES have the peptidoglycan layer in its structure. Common bacteria (E.coli, Streptococcus)

  4. Where Do Bacteria Live?

  5. Where do they live? • Eubacteria soil, in organisms • Archeabacteria harsh environments (hot springs, animal digestive tract, salty lakes, etc.)

  6. What is a bacterium? Structure • BACTERIA ARE PROKARYOTIC microorganisms that can be found everywhere

  7. Structures • DNA genetic information for the organism • Cell Wall gives structure and shape. Prevents osmosis form bursting the cell for the bacteria: Archeabacteria has NO peptidoglycan in the cell wall BUT Eubacteria does • Pili pointy structures that allow for attachment to cells

  8. Structures Continued • Cytoplasm watery material that carries minerals allows for transport within the organism • Plasma membrane surrounds the organism. Allows for transport of material in and out of the organism • Ribosomes synthesizes (makes) protein

  9. Flagella aids in movement of some bacteria • Capsule sticky gelatin that some bacteria have. Helps in attachment and causing disease • Plasmid small circular piece of genetic material that contains a few genes

  10. Movement of Bacteria • Flagella- whip like structure that aids in movement • Slime- slime layer on the outside that moves bacteria along • Spiral movement- propelling of the bacteria with a spiral movement

  11. Shapes of bacteria • Circular coccus • Streptococcus • Rodbacillus • Clostridium botulinum • Spiral spirillum • Spirillumvolutans

  12. How bacteria arrange themselves? • Type of arrangement+type of bacteria= how they hangout • Arrangement • Diplo= in pairs • Strepto= in a chain • Staphylo= in clusters • Example: Diplobacillus= rod shaped in pairs • Streptococcus= circular shape in chains Staphylobaccillus= rod shape clusters

  13. Bacteria Reproduction • Binary Fission Genetic info is duplicated and bacteria splits Type of asexual reproduction

  14. Conjugation of Bacteria- “Sexual” Reproduction • Genetic information is exchanged between two bacterial cells through a conjugation tube • DNA is taken up by the plasmid • Each bacterial cell can now divide.

  15. Adaptations in Bacteria- How they survive • Obligate Aerobes bacteria that USES oxygen for carrying out life processes • Obligate Anaerobes bacteria that DOES NOT use oxygen for carrying out life processes • Facultative Anaerobes bacteria that can live in an environment that can either have or not have oxygen

  16. Bacteria Nutrition • Autotrophic • Make it themselves with the help of light or inorganic matter and chemicals • Chemoautotroph- An organism, such as a bacterium that obtains its nourishment through the breakdown of inorganic chemical compounds. • Ex: Sulfuric bacteria • Photoautotroph- an organism, such as bacteria that synthesizes its own food from inorganic substances using light energy • Ex: Cyanobacteria

  17. Bacteria Nutrition • Heterotrophic Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter (organic matter). Decomposers • Photoheterotroph= use light for energy , but still must obtain food from another source • Ex: Helicobacteria • Chemoheterotroph= use the breakdown of chemicals to generate energy but the source comes from another organism. Ex: Bacteria in our gut- E.coli

  18. Can bacteria protect themselves? • Absolutely!! • Endospore structure • A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell • It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of its cytoplasm. • It can resist freezing, heating, and drying, they can survive for many years until the right conditions are present.

  19. Importance of Bacteria • Nitrogen Fixation- bacteria breaks down nitrogen in soil to make it usable for plants • Recycling of Nutrients- bacteria breaks down dead organic matter to return minerals back to the soil • Food and Medicine- cheese, yogurt (lactobacillus acidophilus), sour cream, saurkraut all have bacteria

  20. Importance of Bacteria • Fuels some Archaebacteria produces methane gas • Symbiotic Relationships • E. Coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines

  21. Things that are bad about bacteria • Spoil food • Food poisoning because of undercooked foods • Producing toxins that harm living things

  22. Bacteria Causes Disease • Bacteria attaches to our cells and release toxins that make us sick Some are… Pneumonia Strep pneumonia Anthrax Bacilli anthracis Whooping Cough Bordetellapertussis

  23. What do we do if a bacteria attacks us? • Take antibiotics to kill the peptidoglycan of the bacteria • Pennicillin, streptomyocin, ampicillin, etc. • Survival of Bacteria • Many bacteria are now resistant to these medications and can survive even if you do take them!! ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

  24. Good and Bad of Bacteria

  25. 5-4-3-2-1 Summary • 5 ways that bacteria are important are… • 4 places where archaebacteria are found are… • 3 shapes that bacteria can be are… • 2 diseases that are caused by bacteria are… • 1way that bacteria are winning the war on infection is…

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